Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

1 Samuel 2

Introduction

1	Hannah's song in thankfulness.
12	The sin of Eli's sons.
18	Samuel's ministry.
20	By Eli's blessing Hannah is more fruitful.
22	Eli reproves his sons.
27	A prophecy against Eli's house.

Verse 1

And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation.

prayed: Nehemiah 11:17, Habakkuk 3:1, Philippians 4:6
My heart: Luke 1:46,47-56, Romans 5:11, Philippians 3:3, 4:4, 1 Peter 1:8
mine horn: Psalms 18:2, 89:17, 92:10, 112:8,9, Luke 1:69
my mouth: Exodus 15:1,21, Judges 5:1,2, Psalms 51:15, 71:8, Revelation 18:20
I rejoice: Psalms 9:14, 13:5, 20:5, 35:9, 118:14, Isaiah 12:2,3, Habakkuk 3:18

Verse 2

There is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God.

none holy: Exodus 15:11, Deuteronomy 32:4, Psalms 99:5,9, 111:9, Isaiah 6:3, 57:15, 1 Peter 1:16, Romans 4:8, 15:4
none beside: Deuteronomy 4:35, 2 Samuel 22:32, Psalms 73:25, Isaiah 43:10,11, 44:6,8
rock: Deuteronomy 3:24, 32:20,31,39, Psalms 18:2, 71:3,19, 86:8, 89:6,8, Isaiah 40:18, Jeremiah 10:6

Verse 3

Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.

let not arrogancy: Heb. hard.; Psalms 94:4, Proverbs 8:13, Isaiah 37:23, Daniel 4:30,31,37, Malachi 3:13, Jude 1:15,16
a God: 1 Kings 8:39, Psalms 44:21, 94:7-10, 147:5, Jeremiah 17:10, Hebrews 4:12, Revelation 2:23
by him: Job 31:6, Isaiah 26:7, Daniel 5:27

Verse 4

The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.

The bows: Psalms 37:15,17, 46:9, 76:3
stumbled: Isaiah 10:4, Jeremiah 37:10, 2 Corinthians 4:9,10, 12:9, Ephesians 6:14, Philippians 4:13, Hebrews 11:34

Verse 5

They that were full have hired out themselves for bread; and they that were hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble.

full: Psalms 34:10, Luke 1:53, 16:25
the barren: 1:20, Psalms 113:9
waxed feeble: 1:6, Isaiah 54:1, Jeremiah 15:9, Galatians 4:27

Verse 6

The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up.

killeth: Deuteronomy 32:39, 2 Kings 5:7, Job 5:18, Psalms 68:20, Hosea 6:1,2, John 5:25-29, 11:25, Revelation 1:18
he bringeth: 20:3, Psalms 116:3, Isaiah 26:19, Jonah 2:2-6, Matthew 12:40, 2 Corinthians 1:9,10

Verse 7

The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up.

maketh: Deuteronomy 8:17,18, Job 1:21, 5:11, Psalms 102:10
bringeth: Psalms 75:7, Isaiah 2:12, James 1:9,10, 4:10

Verse 8

He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the LORD'S, and he hath set the world upon them.

the poor: Job 2:8, 42:10-12, Psalms 113:7,8, Daniel 4:17, Luke 1:51,52
set them: 15:17, Genesis 41:14,40, 2 Samuel 7:8, Job 36:6,7, Ecclesiastes 4:14, Daniel 2:48, 6:3, James 2:5, Revelation 1:6, 3:21, 5:10, 22:5
the pillars: Job 38:4-6, Psalms 24:2, 102:25, 104:5, Hebrews 1:3

Verse 9

He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail.

will keep: Job 5:24, Psalms 37:23,24, 91:11,12, 94:18, 121:3,5,8, Proverbs 16:9, 1 Peter 1:5
his saints: Deuteronomy 33:3, Psalms 37:28, 97:10, Proverbs 2:8, Jude 1:1,3
be silent: Job 5:16, Ecclesiastes 5:17, Jeremiah 8:14, Zephaniah 1:15, Matthew 8:12, 22:12,13, Romans 3:19, 2 Peter 2:17, Jude 1:13
by strength: 17:49,50, Psalms 33:16,17, Ecclesiastes 9:11, Jeremiah 9:23, Zechariah 4:6

Verse 10

The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.

adversaries: Exodus 15:6, Judges 5:31, Psalms 2:9, 21:8,9, 68:1,2, 92:9, Luke 19:27
out of heaven: The LXX. insert, "Let not the wise glory in his wisdom, nor the strong glory in his strength, nor the rich glory in his riches; but let him who glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth the Lord, and executeth judgment and righteousness in the midst of the earth."
he thunder: 7:10, 12:18, Job 40:9, Psalms 18:13,14
judge: Psalms 50:1-6, 96:13, 98:9, Ecclesiastes 11:9, 12:14, Matthew 25:31,32, John 5:21,22, Romans 14:10-12, 2 Corinthians 5:10, Revelation 20:11-15
he shall: 12:13, 15:28, 16:1, 2 Samuel 7:8,13, Psalms 2:6, 21:1,7, Isaiah 32:1, 45:24, Matthew 25:34, 28:18
exalt: Psalms 89:17,24, 92:10, 148:14, Luke 1:69
anointed: 12:3, Psalms 2:2, 20:6, 28:8, 45:7, Acts 4:27, 10:38

Verse 11

And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest.

minister: 18, 1:28, 3:1,15

Verse 12

Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.

the sons: Hosea 4:6-9, Malachi 2:1-9
sons of Belial: 10:27, 25:17, Deuteronomy 13:13, Judges 19:22, 1 Kings 21:10,13, 2 Corinthians 6:15
knew: 3:7, Judges 2:10, Jeremiah 2:8, 22:16, John 8:55, 16:3, 17:3, Romans 1:21,28-30

Verse 14

And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither.

all that the flesh-hook: 29, Exodus 29:27,28, Leviticus 7:34, Isaiah 56:11, Malachi 1:10, 2 Peter 2:13-15

Verse 15

Also before they burnt the fat, the priest's servant came, and said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw.

Leviticus 3:3-5,16, Romans 16:18, Philippians 3:19, Jude 1:12

Verse 16

And if any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and then take as much as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, Nay; but thou shalt give it me now: and if not, I will take it by force.

presently: Heb. as on the day.; Leviticus 3:16, 7:23-25
I will take: Judges 18:25, Nehemiah 5:15, Micah 2:1,2, 3:5, 1 Peter 5:2,3

Verse 17

Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the LORD: for men abhorred the offering of the LORD.

before: Genesis 6:11, 10:9, 13:13, 2 Kings 21:6, Psalms 51:4, Isaiah 3:8
abhorred: Malachi 2:8,13, Matthew 18:7

Verse 18

But Samuel ministered before the LORD, being a child, girded with a linen ephod.

ministered: 11, 3:1
a linen ephod: 22:18, Exodus 28:4, Leviticus 8:7, 2 Samuel 6:14

Verse 19

Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought it to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice.

a little coat: Meil katon, "a little cloak" or surtout; an upper garment: see note on Ex 28:4.
from year to year: 1:3,21, Exodus 23:14

Verse 20

And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the LORD. And they went unto their own home.

blessed: Genesis 14:19, 27:27-29, Numbers 6:23-27, Ruth 2:12, 4:11
loan: or, petition which she asked, etc.; 1:27,28

Verse 21

And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the LORD.

visited: 1:19,20, Genesis 21:1, Luke 1:68
grew: 26, 3:19, Judges 13:24, Luke 1:80, 2:40,52

Verse 22

Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.

Now: 8:1
did unto: 13-17, Jeremiah 7:9,10, Ezekiel 22:26, Hosea 4:9-11
women: It is probable that these were persons who had some employment about the tabernacle: see note on Ex 38:8.
assembled: assembled by troops.; Exodus 38:8

Verse 23

And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people.

Why: 1 Kings 1:6, Acts 9:4, 14:15
I hear, etc: or, I hear evil words of you. by all.; Isaiah 3:9, Jeremiah 3:3, 8:12, Philippians 3:19

Verse 24

Nay, my sons; for it is no good report that I hear: ye make the LORD'S people to transgress.

no good: Acts 6:3, 2 Corinthians 6:8, 1 Timothy 3:7, 3 John 1:12
ye make: 17,22, Exodus 32:21, 1 Kings 13:18-21, 15:30, 2 Kings 10:31, Malachi 2:8, Matthew 18:7, 2 Peter 2:18, Revelation 2:20
transgress: or, cry out.

Verse 25

If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.

sin against: Deuteronomy 17:8-12, 25:1-3
if a man: 3:14, Numbers 15:30, Psalms 51:4,16, Hebrews 10:26
who shall: 1 Timothy 2:5, Hebrews 7:25
hearkened: Deuteronomy 2:30, Joshua 11:20, 2 Chronicles 25:16, Proverbs 15:10, John 12:39,40
because: Rather, therefore, as the particle kee also signifies (see Ps 116:10:) so Noldius, Ideo voluit Jehova eos interficere, "Therefore Jehovah purposed to destroy them."

Verse 26

And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour both with the LORD, and also with men.

grew on
was in: Proverbs 3:3, Luke 1:80, 2:40,52, Acts 2:47, Romans 14:18

Verse 27

And there came a man of God unto Eli, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Did I plainly appear unto the house of thy father, when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house?

a man: 9:4, Deuteronomy 33:1, Judges 6:8, 13:6, 1 Kings 13:1, 1 Timothy 6:11, 2 Peter 1:21
Did I: Exodus 4:14,27

Verse 28

And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?

And did I: Exodus 28:1,4,6-30, 29:4-37, 39:1-7, Leviticus 8:7,8, Numbers 16:5, 17:5-8, 18:1-7, 2 Samuel 12:7
did I give: Leviticus 2:3,10, 6:16, 7:7,8,32,34,35, 10:14,15, Numbers 5:9,10, 18:8,19, Deuteronomy 18:1-8

Verse 29

Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded in my habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people?

kick ye: 13-17, Deuteronomy 32:15, Malachi 1:12,13
and at mine: They disdained to take the part allowed by the law; and would take for themselves what part they pleased, and as much as they pleased.
habitation: Deuteronomy 12:5,6, Joshua 18:1
and honourest: By permitting his sons to deal thus with the sacrifices, and to be served first, by taking their part before the fat, etc., was burnt to the Lord, Eli thus honoured his sons above God.; Leviticus 19:15, Deuteronomy 33:9, Matthew 10:37, 22:16, Luke 14:26, 2 Corinthians 5:16, James 3:17
make: 13-16, Isaiah 56:11,12, Ezekiel 13:19, 34:2, Hosea 4:8, Micah 3:5, Romans 16:18

Verse 30

Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.

I said: Exodus 28:43, 29:9, Numbers 25:11-13
Be it far: Numbers 35:34; *marg; 2 Chronicles 15:2, Jeremiah 18:9,10
them: Judges 9:10, Psalms 50:23, Proverbs 3:9,10, Isaiah 29:13, Daniel 4:34, Malachi 1:6, John 5:23, 8:49, 13:31,32, 17:4,5
I will honour: Psalms 18:20, 91:14, John 5:44, 12:26, 1 Corinthians 4:5, 1 Peter 1:7
that despise: Numbers 11:20, 2 Samuel 12:9,10, Malachi 2:8,9

Verse 31

Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father's house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house.

I will cut: That is, I will destroy the strength, power, influence, and authority of thee and thy family; of which the arm of man being the instrument, is used as the emblem.; 4:2,11,17-20, 14:3, 22:17-20, 1 Kings 2:26,27,35, Job 22:9, Psalms 37:17, Ezekiel 30:21-24, 44:10

Verse 32

And thou shalt see an enemy in my habitation, in all the wealth which God shall give Israel: and there shall not be an old man in thine house for ever.

an enemy, etc: Or, the affliction of the tabernacle, for all the wealth which God would have given Israel. This appears to be the right translation; for, agreeably to this prediction, he did see the tabernacle deprived of the ark, which was its glory, and lived to hear that it was captured by the Philistines.; 4:4,11,22, Psalms 78:59-64
an old man: Zechariah 8:4

Verse 33

And the man of thine, whom I shall not cut off from mine altar, shall be to consume thine eyes, and to grieve thine heart: and all the increase of thine house shall die in the flower of their age.

to consume: 22:21-23, 1 Kings 1:7,19, 2:26,27, Matthew 2:16-18
in the flower, etc: Heb. men.

Verse 34

And this shall be a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them.

a sign: 3:12, 1 Kings 13:3, 14:12
in one day: 4:11,17

Verse 35

And I will raise me up a faithful priest, that shall do according to that which is in mine heart and in my mind: and I will build him a sure house; and he shall walk before mine anointed for ever.

I will raise: 1 Kings 1:8,45, 2:35, 1 Chronicles 29:22, Ezekiel 34:23, 44:15,16, Hebrews 2:17, 7:26-28
I will build: 25:28, Exodus 1:21, Numbers 25:13, 2 Samuel 7:11,27, 1 Kings 11:38, 1 Chronicles 6:8-15, Nehemiah 12:10,11
mine: Psalms 2:2, 18:50

Verse 36

And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left in thine house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests' offices, that I may eat a piece of bread.

is left: 1 Kings 2:27, Ezekiel 44:10-12
Put: Heb. Join. one of the priest's offices. Heb. somewhat about the priesthood. eat.; 29,30, Malachi 1:13

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1 Samuel 2

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