Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Romans 1

Introduction

1	Paul commends his calling to the Romans;
9	and his desire to come to them.
16	What his gospel is.
18	God is angry with sin.
21	What were the sins of the gentiles.

Verse 1

Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,

Paul: Acts 13:9, 21:40, 22:7,13, 26:1,14
a servant: 9, 15:16, 16:18, John 12:26, 13:14-16, 15:15,20, Acts 27:23, 2 Corinthians 4:5, Galatians 1:10, Philippians 1:1, 2:11, 3:6,7, Titus 1:1, James 1:1, 2 Peter 1:1, Jude 1:1, Revelation 1:1, 22:6,9
called: 5, 11:13, Acts 9:15, 22:14,15,21, 26:16-18, 1 Corinthians 1:1, 9:1,16-18, 15:8-10, 2 Corinthians 1:1, 11:5, 12:11, Galatians 1:1,11-17, Ephesians 1:1, 3:5-7, 4:11, Colossians 1:1,25, 1 Timothy 1:1,11,12, 2:7, 2 Timothy 1:11, Titus 1:1, Hebrews 5:4
separated: Leviticus 20:24-26, Numbers 16:9,10, Deuteronomy 10:8, 1 Chronicles 23:13, Isaiah 49:1, Jeremiah 1:5, Acts 13:2-4, Galatians 1:15, 1 Timothy 1:15,16, Hebrews 7:26
the gospel: 9,16, 15:16,29, 16:25, Mark 16:15,16, Luke 2:10,11, Acts 20:24, Ephesians 1:13, 1 Thessalonians 2:2, 2 Thessalonians 2:13,14, 1 Timothy 1:11

Verse 2

(Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,)

Which: Luke 24:26,27, Acts 10:43, 26:6, Titus 1:2
by: 3:21
the holy: 3:2

Verse 3

Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

his Son: 9, 8:2,3,29-32, Psalms 2:7, Matthew 3:17, 26:63, 27:43, Luke 1:35, John 1:34,49, John 3:16-18,35,36, 5:25, 10:30,36, 20:28,31, Acts 3:13, 8:37, 9:20, 1 Corinthians 1:9, Galatians 4:4, Colossians 1:13-15, 1 Thessalonians 1:10, 1 John 1:3, 3:8,23, 4:9,10,15, 1 John 5:1,5,10-13,20, Revelation 2:18
which: 2 Samuel 7:12-16, Psalms 89:36,37, Isaiah 9:6,7, Jeremiah 23:5,6, 33:15-17,26, Amos 9:11, Matthew 1:1,6,16,20-23, 9:27, 12:23, 15:22, 22:42-45, Luke 1:31-33,69, 2:4-6, John 7:42, Acts 2:30, 13:22,23, 2 Timothy 2:8
according: 8:3, 9:5, Genesis 3:15, John 1:14, Galatians 4:4, 1 Timothy 3:16, 1 John 4:2,3, 2 John 1:7

Verse 4

And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead:

declared: Gr. determined. the Son.; 3, John 2:18-21, Acts 2:24,32, 3:15, 4:10-12, 5:30-32, 13:33-35, 17:31, 2 Corinthians 13:4, Ephesians 1:19-23, Hebrews 5:5,6, Revelation 1:18
according: Luke 18:31-33, 24:26,27, Hebrews 9:14, 1 Peter 1:11, 2 Peter 1:21, Revelation 19:10

Verse 5

By whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name:

we have: 12:3, 15:15,16, John 1:16, 1 Corinthians 15:10, 2 Corinthians 3:5,6, Galatians 1:15,16, Ephesians 3:2-9, 1 Timothy 1:11,12
apostleship: Acts 1:25, 1 Corinthians 9:2, Galatians 2:8,9
for obedience to the faith: or, to the obedience of faith.; 15:18,19, 16:26, Acts 6:7, 2 Corinthians 10:4-6, Hebrews 5:9
among: 3:29
for his name: Malachi 1:11,14, Acts 15:14, Ephesians 1:6,12, 1 Peter 2:9,10

Verse 6

Among whom are ye also the called of Jesus Christ:

are ye also: Ephesians 1:11, Colossians 1:6,21
the called: 8:28-30, 9:24, 1 Corinthians 1:9, Galatians 1:6, 1 Thessalonians 2:12, 2 Thessalonians 2:14, 2 Timothy 1:9, Hebrews 3:1, 1 Peter 2:9,21, 2 Peter 1:10, Revelation 17:14

Verse 7

To all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.

To all: Acts 15:23, 1 Corinthians 1:2, 2 Corinthians 1:1, Philippians 1:1, Colossians 1:2, James 1:1, 1 Peter 1:1,2, Jude 1:1, Revelation 2:1,8,12,18,29, 3:1,7,14,22
beloved: 9:25, Deuteronomy 33:12, Psalms 60:5, Song of Solomon 5:1, Colossians 3:12, 1 Timothy 6:2
called: 6, 1 Corinthians 1:2, Colossians 3:15, 1 Thessalonians 4:7, 1 Peter 1:15, 2 Peter 1:3
Grace: 1 Corinthians 1:3-9, 2 Corinthians 1:2, Galatians 1:3, Ephesians 1:2, Philippians 1:2, Colossians 1:2, 1 Thessalonians 1:1, 2 Thessalonians 1:2, 1 Timothy 1:2, 2 Timothy 1:2, Titus 1:4, Philemon 1:3, 1 Peter 1:2, 2 Peter 1:2, 2 John 1:3, Jude 1:2, Revelation 1:4,5
peace: 5:1
God: Matthew 5:16, 6:8,9, John 20:17, Galatians 1:4, Philippians 4:20, 1 Thessalonians 1:3, 2 Thessalonians 1:1, 1 John 3:1
and the Lord: Acts 7:59,60, 1 Corinthians 16:23, 2 Corinthians 12:8-10, 13:14, Galatians 6:18, Ephesians 6:23,24, Philippians 4:13,23, 1 Thessalonians 3:11-13, 5:28, 2 Thessalonians 2:16,17, 3:16,18, 2 Timothy 4:22, Philemon 1:25, Revelation 22:21

Verse 8

First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world.

I thank: 6:17
through: Ephesians 3:21, 5:20, Philippians 1:11, Hebrews 13:15, 1 Peter 2:5, 4:11
that your: 16:19, 1 Thessalonians 1:8,9
the whole: Matthew 24:14, Luke 2:1, Acts 11:28

Verse 9

For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers;

God: 9:1, Job 16:19, 2 Corinthians 1:23, 11:10,11,31, Galatians 1:20, Philippians 1:8, 1 Thessalonians 2:5-10, 1 Timothy 2:7
whom: Acts 27:23, Philippians 2:22, Colossians 1:28,29, 2 Timothy 1:3
with: or, in.; John 4:23,24, Acts 19:21, 1 Corinthians 14:14,15, Philippians 3:3
the: Mark 1:1, Acts 3:26, 1 John 5:9-12
that: 1 Samuel 12:23, Luke 18:1, Acts 12:5, Ephesians 6:18, 1 Thessalonians 3:10, 5:17, 2 Timothy 1:3
I make: Ephesians 1:16-19, 3:14-21, Philippians 1:4,9-11, Colossians 1:9-13, 1 Thessalonians 1:2, Philemon 1:4

Verse 10

Making request, if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of God to come unto you.

request: 15:22-24,30-32, Philippians 4:6, 1 Thessalonians 2:18, 3:10,11, Philemon 1:22, Hebrews 13:19
a prosperous: Acts 19:21, 27:1-28
by the will: Acts 18:21, 21:14, 1 Corinthians 4:19, James 4:15

Verse 11

For I long to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual gift, to the end ye may be established;

I long: 15:23,32, Genesis 31:30, 2 Samuel 13:39, 23:15, 2 Corinthians 9:14, Philippians 1:8, 2:26, 4:1
that: 15:29, Acts 8:15-19, 19:6, 1 Corinthians 12:1-11, 2 Corinthians 11:4, Galatians 3:2-5, Ephesians 4:8-12
to the: 16:25, 2 Chronicles 20:20, Acts 16:5, 2 Corinthians 1:21, 1 Thessalonians 3:2,13, 2 Thessalonians 2:17, 3:3, Hebrews 13:9, 1 Peter 5:10,12, 2 Peter 1:12, 3:17,18

Verse 12

That is, that I may be comforted together with you by the mutual faith both of you and me.

that I may: 15:24,32, Acts 11:23, 2 Corinthians 2:1-3, 7:4-7,13, 1 Thessalonians 2:17-20, 3:7-10, 2 Timothy 1:4, 2 John 1:4, 3 John 1:3,4
with you: or, in you. by the mutual.; Ephesians 4:5, Titus 1:4, 2 Peter 1:1, Jude 1:3

Verse 13

Now I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you, (but was let hitherto,) that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among other Gentiles.

None: 11:25, 1 Corinthians 10:1, 12:1, 2 Corinthians 1:8, 1 Thessalonians 4:13
that oftentimes: 15:23-28, Acts 19:21, 2 Corinthians 1:15,16
but: 15:22, Acts 16:6,7, 1 Thessalonians 1:8, 2:18, 2 Thessalonians 2:7
that I: Isaiah 27:6, John 4:36, 12:24, 15:16, Colossians 1:6, Philippians 4:17
among: or, in. even.; 15:18-20, Acts 14:27, 15:12, 21:19, 1 Corinthians 9:2, 2 Corinthians 2:14, 10:13-16, 1 Thessalonians 1:9,10, 2:13,14, 2 Timothy 4:17

Verse 14

I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise.

debtor: 8:12, 13:8; *Gr:; Acts 9:15, 13:2-4, 22:21, 26:17,18, 1 Corinthians 9:16-23, 2 Timothy 2:10
Greeks: Acts 28:4, 1 Corinthians 14:11, Colossians 3:11
both to: 22, 11:25, 12:16, 16:19, Matthew 11:25, Luke 10:21, 1 Corinthians 1:19-22, 2:13, 3:18, 1 Corinthians 9:16, 2 Corinthians 10:12, 11:19, Ephesians 5:15-17, James 3:17,18
to the unwise: Proverbs 1:22, 8:5, Isaiah 35:8, 1 Corinthians 14:16,23,24, Titus 3:3

Verse 15

So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you that are at Rome also.

so: 12:18, 1 Kings 8:18, Mark 14:8, 2 Corinthians 8:12
I: Isaiah 6:8, Matthew 9:38, John 4:34, Acts 21:13, 1 Corinthians 9:17, 2 Corinthians 10:15,16

Verse 16

For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.

I am: Psalms 40:9,10, 71:15,16, 119:46, Mark 8:38, Luke 9:26, 1 Corinthians 2:2, 2 Timothy 1:8,12,16, 1 Peter 4:16
the gospel: 15:19,29, Luke 2:10,11, 1 Corinthians 9:12,18, 2 Corinthians 2:12, 4:4; *Gr:; 2 Corinthians 9:13, Galatians 1:7, 1 Timothy 1:11
for it is: 10:17, Psalms 110:2, Isaiah 53:1, Jeremiah 23:29, 1 Corinthians 1:18-24, 2:4, 14:24,25, 1 Corinthians 15:2, 2 Corinthians 2:14-16, 10:4,5, Colossians 1:5,6, 1 Thessalonians 1:5,6, 2:13, Hebrews 4:12
to every: 4:11
to the Jew: 2:9

Verse 17

For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith.

For therein: 3:21
from faith: 3:3
The just: Habakkuk 2:4, John 3:36, Galatians 3:11, Philippians 3:9, Hebrews 10:38, 11:6,7

Verse 18

For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;

the wrath: 4:15
ungodliness: 5:6
unrighteousness: 6:13
who hold: 19,28,32, 2:3,15-23, Luke 12:46,47, John 3:19-21, Acts 24:24,25, 2 Thessalonians 2:10, 1 Timothy 4:1,2

Verse 19

Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.

that which: 20, Psalms 19:1-6, Isaiah 40:26, Jeremiah 10:10-13, Acts 14:16, 17:23-30
in them: or, to them. for God.; John 1:9

Verse 20

For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:

For the: John 1:18, Colossians 1:15, 1 Timothy 1:17, 6:16, Hebrews 11:27
from the: 19, Deuteronomy 4:19, Job 31:26-28, Psalms 8:3, 33:6-9, 104:5,31, 119:90, 139:13, Psalms 148:8-12, Matthew 5:45
even his: 16:26, Genesis 21:33, Deuteronomy 33:27, Psalms 90:2, Isaiah 9:6, 26:4, 40:26, 1 Timothy 1:17, Hebrews 9:14
Godhead: Acts 17:29, Colossians 2:9
so that they are: or, that they may be.; 2:1,15, John 15:22
without: Acts 22:1; *Gr:

Verse 21

Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

when: 19,28, John 3:19
they glorified: 15:9, Psalms 50:23, 86:9, Hosea 2:8, Habakkuk 1:15,16, Luke 17:15-18, 2 Timothy 3:2, Revelation 14:7, 15:4
but became: Genesis 6:5, 8:21, 2 Kings 17:15, Psalms 81:12, Ecclesiastes 7:29, Isaiah 44:9-20, Jeremiah 2:5, Jeremiah 10:3-8,14,15, 16:19, Ephesians 4:17,18, 1 Peter 1:18
their foolish: 11:10, Deuteronomy 28:29, Isaiah 60:2, Acts 26:18, 1 Peter 2:9

Verse 22

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

11:25, Proverbs 25:14, 26:12, Isaiah 47:10, Jeremiah 8:8,9, 10:14, Matthew 6:23, 1 Corinthians 1:19-21, 3:18,19

Verse 23

And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.

changed: 25, Psalms 106:20, Jeremiah 2:11
an image: Deuteronomy 4:15-18, 5:8, Psalms 115:5-8, 135:15-18, Isaiah 40:18,26, 44:13, Ezekiel 8:10, Acts 17:29, 1 Corinthians 12:2, 1 Peter 4:3, Revelation 9:20

Verse 24

Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves:

God: Psalms 81:11,12, Hosea 4:17,18, Matthew 15:14, Acts 7:42, 14:16, 17:29,30, Ephesians 4:18, 2 Thessalonians 2:10-12
through the lusts: 6:12
to dishonour: 1 Corinthians 6:13,18, 1 Thessalonians 4:4, 2 Timothy 2:20-22
between: 27, Leviticus 18:22

Verse 25

Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.

changed
the truth: 18, 1 Thessalonians 1:9, 1 John 5:20
into a lie: Isaiah 44:20, Jeremiah 10:14,15, 13:25, 16:19, Amos 2:4, John 2:8, Habakkuk 2:18
the creature: 23, Matthew 6:24, 10:37, 2 Timothy 3:4, 1 John 2:15,16
more: or, rather. who is.; 9:5, Psalms 72:19, 145:1,2, 2 Corinthians 11:31, Ephesians 3:21, 1 Timothy 1:11,17

Verse 26

For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature:

gave them
vile: Genesis 19:5, Leviticus 18:22-28, Deuteronomy 23:17,18, Judges 19:22, 1 Corinthians 6:9, Ephesians 4:19, Ephesians 5:12, 1 Timothy 1:10, Jude 1:7,10

Verse 27

And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet.

that recompense: 23,24

Verse 28

And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

as they did: 18,21, Job 21:14,15, Proverbs 1:7,22,29, 5:12,13, 17:16, Jeremiah 4:22, 9:6, Hosea 4:6, Acts 17:23,32, Romans 8:7,8, 1 Corinthians 15:34, 2 Corinthians 4:4-6, 10:5, 2 Thessalonians 1:8, 2:10-12, 2 Peter 3:5
retain: or, acknowledge. a reprobate mind. or, a mind void of judgment.; Jeremiah 6:30, 2 Corinthians 13:5-7, 2 Timothy 3:8, Titus 1:16
not convenient: Ephesians 5:4, Philemon 1:8

Verse 29

Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,

filled: 3:10
whisperers: Psalms 41:7, Proverbs 16:28, 26:20, 2 Corinthians 12:20

Verse 30

Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

Backbiters: Proverbs 25:23
haters: 8:7,8, Numbers 10:35, Deuteronomy 7:10, 2 Chronicles 19:2, Psalms 81:15, Proverbs 8:36, John 7:7, John 15:23,24, Titus 3:3
boasters: 2:17,23, 3:27, 1 Kings 20:11, 2 Chronicles 25:19, Psalms 10:3, 49:6, 52:1, 94:4, 97:7, Acts 5:36, 2 Corinthians 10:15, 2 Thessalonians 2:4, James 3:5, 4:16, 2 Peter 2:18, Jude 1:16
inventors: Psalms 99:8, 106:39, Ecclesiastes 7:29
disobedient: Deuteronomy 21:18-21, 27:16, Proverbs 30:17, Ezekiel 22:7, Matthew 16:21, 15:4, Luke 21:16, 2 Timothy 3:2

Verse 31

Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:

Without understanding: 20,21, 3:11, Proverbs 18:2, Isaiah 27:11, Jeremiah 4:22, Matthew 15:16
covenant-breakers: 2 Kings 18:14-37, Isaiah 33:8, 2 Timothy 3:3
without natural affection: or, unsociable.

Verse 32

Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.

knowing: 18,21, 2:1-5,21-23
worthy: 6:21
have pleasure in them: or, consent with them.; Psalms 50:18, Hosea 7:3, Mark 14:10,11

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