Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Leviticus 8

Clinging to a Counterfeit Cross
Introduction

1  Moses consecrates Aaron and his sons.
14  Their sin offering.
18  Their burnt offering.
22  The ram of consecration.
31  The place and time of their consecration.
Verse 2

Take Aaron and his sons with him, and the garments, and the anointing oil, and a bullock for the sin offering, and two rams, and a basket of unleavened bread;
Aaron
Exodus 29:1-4
garments
Exodus 28:2-4,40-43, 39:1-31,41
anointing
Exodus 30:23-37, 40:12-15
bullock
Exodus 29:1,2, Hebrews 7:27
Verse 3

And gather thou all the congregation together unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
Numbers 20:8, 21:16, 1 Chronicles 13:5, 15:3, 2 Chronicles 5:2,6, 30:2,13,25, Nehemiah 8:1, Psalms 22:25, Acts 2:1
Verse 4

And Moses did as the LORD commanded him; and the assembly was gathered together unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
9,13,17,29,35, Exodus 39:1,5,7,21,26,29,31,32,42,43, Deuteronomy 12:32, Matthew 28:20, 1 Corinthians 11:23, 15:3
Verse 5

And Moses said unto the congregation, This is the thing which the LORD commanded to be done.
Lord commanded to be done
Exodus 29:4-37
Verse 6

And Moses brought Aaron and his sons, and washed them with water.
washed
Exodus 29:4, 40:12, Psalms 51:2,7, Isaiah 1:16, Ezekiel 36:25, Zechariah 13:1, John 13:8-10, 1 Corinthians 6:11, Ephesians 5:26, Hebrews 9:10, 10:22, Revelation 1:5,6, 7:14
Verse 7

And he put upon him the coat, and girded him with the girdle, and clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod upon him, and he girded him with the curious girdle of the ephod, and bound it unto him therewith.
he put
Exodus 28:4, 29:5, 39:1-7, Isaiah 61:3,10, Romans 3:22, 13:14, Galatians 3:27
the ephod
The ephod seems to have been a garment worn by persons of distinction of various characters (2 Sa 6:4); the description of which in the book of Exodus (ch. 28:6, etc.) relates only to its materials. As to its shape, the LXX. calls it [epómis] which signifies that it was worn on the shoulders. So also Josephus, who says it was a cubit long. St. Jerome compares it with the Roman caracalla, which was a sort of short cloak, only that it had a head or hood, which the ephod had not.
Verse 8

And he put the breastplate upon him: also he put in the breastplate the Urim and the Thummim.
the breast plate
Exodus 28:15-29, 39:8-21, Song of Solomon 8:6, Isaiah 59:17, Ephesians 6:14, 1 Thessalonians 5:8
the Urim
Exodus 28:30, Ezra 2:63
Verse 9

And he put the mitre upon his head; also upon the mitre, even upon his forefront, did he put the golden plate, the holy crown; as the LORD commanded Moses.
Exodus 28:4,36-38, 29:6, 39:28-30, Zechariah 3:5, 6:11-14, Philippians 2:9-11
Verse 10

And Moses took the anointing oil, and anointed the tabernacle and all that was therein, and sanctified them.
Exodus 30:23-29, 40:9-11
Verse 11

And he sprinkled thereof upon the altar seven times, and anointed the altar and all his vessels, both the laver and his foot, to sanctify them.
Exodus 4:6,17, 16:14,19, Isaiah 52:15, Ezekiel 36:25, Titus 3:6
Verse 12

And he poured of the anointing oil upon Aaron's head, and anointed him, to sanctify him.
4:3, 21:10,11,12, Exodus 28:41, 29:7, 30:30, Psalms 133:2
Verse 13

And Moses brought Aaron's sons, and put coats upon them, and girded them with girdles, and put bonnets upon them; as the LORD commanded Moses.
Moses
Exodus 28:40,41, 29:8,9, 40:14,15, Psalms 132:9, Isaiah 61:6,10, 1 Peter 2:5,9, Revelation 1:6, 5:10
coats
The kethoneth, or coat, was made of linen; but the form of it is no where described in Scripture, except in the visionary appearance of Christ to St. John, in the form and habit of a priest (Re 1:13); where he is said to be [endedumenos podere] "clothed with a garment down to the feet," which perfectly agrees with the description the Jewish writers give of it; who also say, that it had sleeves which came down to the wrist, and was tied about the neck; so that it was not unlike a long shirt. It was common to all the priests; but the tunic of the high priest was made of finer linen, or wove in a more curious manner. (Ex 28:4.)
put
Heb. bound. bonnets. The migbaôth, or bonnets, are described by Josephus as being like helmets of linen, one wreath being plaited and folded over another and a thin cap, suited to its shape, put over all, to prevent its unfolding.
Verse 14

And he brought the bullock for the sin offering: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the bullock for the sin offering.
he brought
2, 4:3-12, 16:6, Exodus 29:10-14, Isaiah 53:10, Ezekiel 43:19, Romans 8:3, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 7:26-28, 1 Peter 3:18
laid
1:4, 4:4, 16:21
Verse 15

And he slew it; and Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about with his finger, and purified the altar, and poured the blood at the bottom of the altar, and sanctified it, to make reconciliation upon it.
he slew it
1:5,11, 3:2,8, Exodus 29:10,11
Moses
4:7,17,18,30, Exodus 29:12,36,37, Ezekiel 43:19-27, Hebrews 9:18-23
to make
6:30, 16:20, 2 Chronicles 29:24, Ezekiel 45:20, Daniel 9:24, Romans 5:10, 2 Corinthians 5:18-21, Ephesians 2:16, Colossians 1:21,22, Hebrews 2:17; The beginning of this verse may be rendered, "And Moses slew it, and took the blood," etc. We find it expressly said in Exodus, that Moses slew the sacrifices.; Exodus 29:11; Yet, in general, the offerer seems to have killed his own sacrifice.
Verse 16

And he took all the fat that was upon the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and Moses burned it upon the altar.
3:3-5, 4:8,9, Exodus 29:13
Verse 17

But the bullock, and his hide, his flesh, and his dung, he burnt with fire without the camp; as the LORD commanded Moses.
4:11,12,21, 6:30, 16:27, Exodus 29:14, Galatians 3:13, Hebrews 13:11-13
Verse 18

And he brought the ram for the burnt offering: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram.
1:4-13, Exodus 29:15-18
Verse 21

And he washed the inwards and the legs in water; and Moses burnt the whole ram upon the altar: it was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet savour, and an offering made by fire unto the LORD; as the LORD commanded Moses.
a sweet savour
1:17, 2:9, Genesis 8:21, Exodus 29:18, Ephesians 5:2
Verse 22

And he brought the other ram, the ram of consecration: and Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the head of the ram.
the ram of consecration
2,29, 7:37, Exodus 29:19-31, John 17:19, 1 Corinthians 1:30, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Ephesians 5:25,27, Revelation 1:5,6; "The ram of consecration" was evidently a sacrifice of peace offering though presented on a particular occasion. Part of the blood was applied, not as that of the sin offering, to the horns of the altar, but to Aaron and his sons; to the tips of their right ears, the thumbs of their right hands, and the great toes of their right feet: implying their obligation to hearken diligently to the word of God--to do his work in the best manner which they could, and to walk in his ways with steady perseverance; and also, that they could not do these things acceptably except through the atoning blood, received and applied by faith. Then part of the blood reserved upon the altar, probably in a basin for that purpose, was mingled with the holy anointing oil, and sprinkled on the garments both of Aaron and his sons, to hallow them to the Lord. "This may be looked upon as a lively representation of our purification by the blood of jesus Christ, through his Holy Spirit."--Bp. Patrick
Verse 23

And he slew it; and Moses took of the blood of it, and put it upon the tip of Aaron's right ear, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot.
Moses took
14:14,17,28, Exodus 29:20, Romans 6:13,19, 12:1, 1 Corinthians 1:2,30, 6:20, 1 Thessalonians 5:22, Philippians 1:20, 2:17, Hebrews 2:10, 5:8
Verse 24

And he brought Aaron's sons, and Moses put of the blood upon the tip of their right ear, and upon the thumbs of their right hands, and upon the great toes of their right feet: and Moses sprinkled the blood upon the altar round about.
Moses sprinkled
Hebrews 9:22
Verse 25

And he took the fat, and the rump, and all the fat that was upon the inwards, and the caul above the liver, and the two kidneys, and their fat, and the right shoulder:
3:3-5,9, Exodus 29:22-25, Proverbs 23:26, Isaiah 53:10
Verse 26

And out of the basket of unleavened bread, that was before the LORD, he took one unleavened cake, and a cake of oiled bread, and one wafer, and put them on the fat, and upon the right shoulder:
Exodus 29:23, John 1:14, Acts 5:12, 1 Timothy 2:5
Verse 27

And he put all upon Aaron's hands, and upon his sons' hands, and waved them for a wave offering before the LORD.
upon Aaron's
Exodus 29:24-37, Jeremiah 30:21, Hebrews 9:14
and waved
7:30,31
Verse 28

And Moses took them from off their hands, and burnt them on the altar upon the burnt offering: they were consecrations for a sweet savour: it is an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
Moses
Exodus 29:25, Psalms 22:13,14, Zechariah 13:7, Hebrews 10:14-22
they were
Verse 29

And Moses took the breast, and waved it for a wave offering before the LORD: for of the ram of consecration it was Moses' part; as the LORD commanded Moses.
7:30-34, Exodus 29:26,27, Isaiah 66:20, 1 Corinthians 10:31, 1 Peter 4:11
Verse 30

And Moses took of the anointing oil, and of the blood which was upon the altar, and sprinkled it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon his sons' garments with him; and sanctified Aaron, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons' garments with him.
the anointing
Exodus 29:21, 30:30, Isaiah 61:1,3, Galatians 5:22-25, Hebrews 2:11, 1 Peter 1:2, 1 John 2:27, Revelation 7:14
and sanctified
10:3, Numbers 3:3
Verse 31

And Moses said unto Aaron and to his sons, Boil the flesh at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and there eat it with the bread that is in the basket of consecrations, as I commanded, saying, Aaron and his sons shall eat it.
Boil
6:28, 7:15, Exodus 29:31,32, Deuteronomy 12:6,7, 1 Samuel 2:13-17, Ezekiel 46:20-24
eat it
10:17, John 6:33,35,51,53-56, Galatians 2:20
Verse 32

And that which remaineth of the flesh and of the bread shall ye burn with fire.
7:17, Exodus 12:10, 29:34, Proverbs 27:1, Ecclesiastes 9:10, 2 Corinthians 6:2, Hebrews 3:13,14
Verse 33

And ye shall not go out of the door of the tabernacle of the congregation in seven days, until the days of your consecration be at an end: for seven days shall he consecrate you.
seven days
14:8, Exodus 29:30,35, Numbers 19:12, Ezekiel 43:25-27
Verse 34

As he hath done this day, so the LORD hath commanded to do, to make an atonement for you.
Hebrews 7:16,27, 10:11,12
Verse 35

Therefore shall ye abide at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation day and night seven days, and keep the charge of the LORD, that ye die not: for so I am commanded.
the tabernacle
14:8, Exodus 29:35, Numbers 19:12, Ezekiel 43:25, 2 Corinthians 7:1, Colossians 2:9,10, Hebrews 7:28, Hebrews 9:23,24
keep
30, 10:1, Numbers 3:7, 9:19, Deuteronomy 11:1, 1 Kings 2:3, 1 Timothy 1:3,4,18, 5:21, 1 Timothy 6:13,17,20, 2 Timothy 4:1
Verse 36

So Aaron and his sons did all things which the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.
Aaron
This was necessary to be added, to show the exact fulfilment of the commandments delivered to Moses, and which are recorded in Exodus, ch. 29; and consequently the complete consecration and preparation of Aaron and his sons to fill the awfully important office of priests and mediators between God and the children of Israel, to offer sacrifices, and make atonement for the sins of the people.
Exodus 39:43, 40:16, Deuteronomy 4:2, 12:32, 1 Samuel 15:22

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