Bible Commentaries

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Leviticus 16

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Introduction

1  How the high priest must enter into the holy place.
11  The sin offering for himself.
15  The sin offering for the people.
20  The scape-goat.
29  The yearly feast of the expiations.
Verse 1

And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered before the LORD, and died;
10:1,2
Verse 2

And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the holy place within the vail before the mercy seat, which is upon the ark; that he die not: for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat.
he come not
23:27, Exodus 26:33,34, 30:10, 40:20,21, 1 Kings 8:6, Hebrews 9:3,7,8, Hebrews 10:19,20
that he die not
13, 8:35, Numbers 4:19, 17:10, Matthew 27:51, Hebrews 4:14-16, 10:19
in the cloud
Exodus 40:34,35, 1 Kings 8:10-12, 2 Chronicles 5:14
the mercy seat
Exodus 25:17-22
Verse 3

Thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bullock for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering.
Aaron
Hebrews 9:7,12,24,25
a young
4:3, 8:14, Numbers 29:7-11
a ram for a burnt-offering
1:3,10, 8:18, 9:3
Verse 4

He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on.
holy line coat
Heb. of holiness. Greek. a sanctified linen coat. This and the other vestures were peculiar for this day, and for the services of this day; that is, for making atonement: the other service, which was ordinary, he performed this day in his other priestly garments. The eight ornaments usually worn by the high priest are enumerated in Exodus xxviii ver.4, etc., and the four that were for this day are here expressed, and are called the white garments, while the others were designated the golden garments, because some were made with gold thread woven in them. These four were made of six double twisted threads, and of flax only.
6:10, Exodus 28:2,39-43, 39:27-29, Isaiah 53:2, Ezekiel 44:17,18, Luke 1:35, Philippians 2:7, Hebrews 2:14, 7:26
therefore
8:6,7, Exodus 29:4, 30:20, 40:12,31,32, Revelation 1:5,6
Verse 5

And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.
4:14, 8:2,14, 9:8-16, Numbers 29:11, 2 Chronicles 29:21, Ezra 6:17, Ezekiel 45:22,23, Romans 8:3, Hebrews 7:27,28, 10:5-14
Verse 6

And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house.
which
8:14-17, Hebrews 9:7
an atonement, for himself
9:7, Ezra 10:18,19, Job 1:5, Ezekiel 43:19,27, Hebrews 5:2
Verse 7

And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
1:3, 4:4, 12:6,7, Matthew 16:21, Romans 12:1
Verse 8

And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat.
cast lots
Numbers 26:55, 33:54, Joshua 18:10,11, 1 Samuel 14:41,42, Proverbs 16:33, Ezekiel 48:29, Jonah 1:7, Acts 1:23-26
scape goat
Heb. Azazel, that is, the goat-gone-away. The Hebrew [ ] has been supposed by some to be the name of a place, either a mountain or cliff, to which the goat was led. But no place of that name has ever been pointed out, except a mountain near Sinai, which was too distant for the goat to be conducted there from Jerusalem. Other learned men think it was the name of the devil, who was worshipped by the heathen in the form of a goat. But Bp. Patrick justly objects to this opinion; for it is difficult to conceive, that when the other goat was offered to God, this should be sent among demons. The more probable opinion seems to be, that it was name given to the goat itself, on account of his being let go; from aiz, a goat, and azal, to depart. So LXX. [~apopompaov~] and Vulgate emissarius, sent away; Aquila and Symmachus [~tragov apercomenov~] or [~apolelumenov~:] the goat going away, or dismissed.
Verse 9

And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD'S lot fell, and offer him for a sin offering.
upon which
Acts 2:23, 4:27,28
fell
Heb. went up.
Verse 10

But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness.
the scape-goat
21,22
to make
Isaiah 53:5,6,10,11, Romans 4:25, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 7:26,27, 9:23,24, 1 John 2:2, 1 John 3:16
let him
14:7
Verse 11

And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which is for himself:
3,6
Verse 12

And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail:
from off
10:1, Numbers 16:18,46, Isaiah 6:6,7, Hebrews 9:14, 1 John 1:7
sweet incense
Exodus 30:34-38, 31:11, 37:29, Revelation 8:3,4
Verse 13

And he shall put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he die not:
And he
Exodus 30:1,7,8, Numbers 16:7,18,46, Revelation 8:3,4
the cloud
Exodus 25:21, Hebrews 4:14-16, 7:25, 9:24, 1 John 2:1,2
Verse 14

And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times.
4:5,6,17, 8:11, Romans 3:24-26, Hebrews 9:7,13,25, 10:4,10-12,19, 12:24
Verse 15

Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat:
Then shall
5-9, Hebrews 2:17, 5:3, 9:7,25,26
bring
2, Hebrews 6:19, 9:3,7,12
Verse 16

And he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins: and so shall he do for the tabernacle of the congregation, that remaineth among them in the midst of their uncleanness.
an atonement
18, 8:15, Exodus 29:36,37, Ezekiel 45:18,19, John 14:3, Hebrews 9:22,23
remaineth
Heb. dwelleth.
Verse 17

And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregation when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy place, until he come out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel.
no man
Exodus 34:3, Isaiah 53:6, Daniel 9:24, Luke 1:10, Acts 4:12, 1 Timothy 2:5, Hebrews 1:3, 9:7, 1 Peter 2:24, 3:18
and have made
10,11
Verse 18

And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the LORD, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about.
16, 4:7,18, Exodus 30:10, John 17:19, Hebrews 2:11, 5:7,8, 9:22,23
Verse 19

And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel.
Ezekiel 43:18-22, Zechariah 13:1
Verse 20

And when he hath made an end of reconciling the holy place, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat:
reconciling
16, 6:30, 8:15, Ezekiel 45:20, 2 Corinthians 5:19, Colossians 1:20
live goat
Romans 4:25, 8:34, Hebrews 7:25, Revelation 1:18
Verse 21

And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness:
lay
1:4, Exodus 29:10
confess over
26:40, Ezra 10:1, Nehemiah 1:6,7, 9:3-5, Psalms 32:5, 51:3, Proverbs 28:13, Daniel 9:3-20, Romans 10:10
putting
Isaiah 53:6, 2 Corinthians 5:21
a fit man
Heb. a man of opportunity. The man that took the scape-goat into the wilderness, and they that burned the sin offering, were to be looked upon as ceremonially unclean, and must not come into the camp till they had washed their clothes and bathed their flesh in water, which signified the defiling nature of sin; even the sacrifice which was made sin, was defiling: also the imperfection of the legal sacrifices, they were so far from taking away sin, that they left some stain even upon those that touched them.
Verse 22

And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness.
bear upon
Isaiah 53:11,12, John 1:29, Galatians 3:13, Hebrews 9:28, 1 Peter 2:24
not inhabited
Heb. of separation.
Psalms 103:10,12, Ezekiel 18:22, Micah 7:19
Verse 23

And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there:
4, Ezekiel 42:14, 44:19, Romans 8:3, Philippians 2:6-11, Hebrews 9:28
Verse 24

And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people.
wash
4, 8:6, 14:9, 22:6, Exodus 29:4, Hebrews 9:10, 10:19-22, Revelation 1:5,6
his garments
8:7-9, Exodus 28:4-14, 29:5
his burnt
3,5
and make
Verse 25

And the fat of the sin offering shall he burn upon the altar.
6, 4:8-10,19, Exodus 29:13
Verse 26

And he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the camp.
he that
10,21,22
wash
28, 14:8, 15:5-11,27, Numbers 19:7,8,21, Hebrews 7:19
Verse 27

And the bullock for the sin offering, and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, shall one carry forth without the camp; and they shall burn in the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung.
bullock
4:11,12,21, 6:30, 8:17
without
Matthew 27:31-33, Hebrews 13:11-14
Verse 28

Leviticus 16:26

Verse 29

And this shall be a statute for ever unto you: that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether it be one of your own country, or a stranger that sojourneth among you:
in the seventh
23:27-32, Exodus 30:10, Numbers 29:7, 1 Kings 8:2, Ezra 3:1
shall afflict
Psalms 35:13, 69:10, Isaiah 58:3,5, Daniel 10:3,12, 1 Corinthians 11:31, 2 Corinthians 7:10,11
do no
23:3,7,8,21,28,36, Exodus 12:16, 20:10, Isaiah 58:13, Hebrews 4:10
Verse 30

For on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your sins before the LORD.
Psalms 51:2,7,10, Jeremiah 33:8, Ezekiel 36:25-27, Ephesians 5:26, Titus 2:14, Hebrews 9:13,14, 10:1,2, 1 John 1:7-9
Verse 31

It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever.
23:32, 25:4, Exodus 31:15, 35:2
Verse 32

And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall consecrate to minister in the priest's office in his father's stead, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen clothes, even the holy garments:
the priest
4:3,5,16
consecrate
Heb. fill his hand.
Exodus 29:9; *marg:
to minister
Exodus 29:29,30, Numbers 20:26-28
put on the linen
Verse 33

And he shall make an atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make an atonement for the tabernacle of the congregation, and for the altar, and he shall make an atonement for the priests, and for all the people of the congregation.
6,16,18,19,24, Exodus 20:25,26
Verse 34

And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an atonement for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year. And he did as the LORD commanded Moses.
an everlasting
23:31, Numbers 29:7
once a year
Exodus 30:10, Hebrews 9:7,25, 10:3,14

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