Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Job 31

Introduction

1	Job makes a solemn protestation of his integrity in several duties.

Verse 1

I made a covenant with mine eyes; why then should I think upon a maid?

a covenant: Genesis 6:2, 2 Samuel 11:2-4, Psalms 119:37, Proverbs 4:25, 23:31-33, Matthew 5:28,29, 1 John 2:16
think: Proverbs 6:25, James 1:14,15

Verse 2

For what portion of God is there from above? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high?

20:29, 27:13, Hebrews 13:4

Verse 3

Is not destruction to the wicked? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity?

destruction: 21:30, Psalms 55:23, 73:18, Proverbs 1:27, 10:29, 21:15, Matthew 7:13, Romans 9:22, 1 Thessalonians 5:3, 2 Thessalonians 1:9, 2 Peter 2:1
a strange: Isaiah 28:21, Jude 1:7

Verse 4

Doth not he see my ways, and count all my steps?

14:16, 34:21, Genesis 16:13, 2 Chronicles 16:9, Psalms 44:21, 139:1-3, Proverbs 5:21, 15:3, Jeremiah 16:17, 32:19, John 1:48, Hebrews 4:13

Verse 5

If I have walked with vanity, or if my foot hath hasted to deceit;

If: Psalms 7:3-5
walked: Psalms 4:2, 12:2, 44:20,21, Proverbs 12:11, Jeremiah 2:5, Ezekiel 13:8

Verse 6

Let me be weighed in an even balance, that God may know mine integrity.

Let me be weighed in an even balance: Heb. Let him weigh me in balances of justice.; 1 Samuel 2:3, Psalms 7:8,9, 17:2,3, 26:1, Proverbs 16:11, Isaiah 26:7, Daniel 5:27, Micah 6:11
know: Joshua 22:22, Psalms 1:6, 139:23, Matthew 7:23, 2 Timothy 2:19

Verse 7

If my step hath turned out of the way, and mine heart walked after mine eyes, and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands;

If my: Psalms 44:20,21
mine heart: Numbers 15:39, Ecclesiastes 11:9, Ezekiel 6:9, 14:3,7, Matthew 5:29
cleaved: Psalms 101:3, Isaiah 33:15

Verse 8

Then let me sow, and let another eat; yea, let my offspring be rooted out.

let me: 5:5, 24:6, Leviticus 26:16, Deuteronomy 28:30-33,38,51, Judges 6:3-6, Micah 6:15
let my: 5:4, 15:30, 18:19, Psalms 109:13

Verse 9

If mine heart have been deceived by a woman, or if I have laid wait at my neighbour's door;

If mine: Judges 16:5, 1 Kings 11:4, Nehemiah 13:26, Proverbs 2:16-19, 5:3-23, 6:25, 7:21, 22:14, Ecclesiastes 7:26
if I: 24:15,16, Jeremiah 5:8, Hosea 7:4

Verse 10

Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her.

grind: Exodus 11:5, Isaiah 47:2, Matthew 24:41
and let: 2 Samuel 12:11, Jeremiah 8:10, Hosea 4:13,14

Verse 11

For this is an heinous crime; yea, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges.

an heinous: Genesis 20:9, 26:10, 39:9, Exodus 20:14, Proverbs 6:29-33
an iniquity: 28, Genesis 38:24, Leviticus 20:10, Deuteronomy 22:22-24, Ezekiel 16:38

Verse 12

For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction, and would root out all mine increase.

Proverbs 3:33, 6:27, Jeremiah 5:7-9, Malachi 3:5, Hebrews 13:4

Verse 13

If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant, when they contended with me;

the cause: Exodus 21:20,21,26,27, Leviticus 25:43,46, Deuteronomy 15:12-15, Jeremiah 34:14-17, Ephesians 6:9, Colossians 4:1
when: In ancient times slaves had no action at law against their owners; but Job admitted them to all civil rights, and permitted them to complain even against himself.

Verse 14

What then shall I do when God riseth up? and when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

What then: 9:32, 10:2, Psalms 7:6, 9:12,19, 10:12-15, 44:21, 76:9, 143:2, Isaiah 10:3, Zechariah 2:13
when he: Hosea 9:7, Micah 7:4, Mark 7:2, James 2:13
what shall: Romans 3:19

Verse 15

Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb?

Did not he: 34:19, Nehemiah 5:5, Proverbs 14:31, 22:2, Isaiah 58:7, Malachi 2:10, 10:8-12, Psalms 139:14-16

Verse 16

If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail;

withheld: 22:7-9, Deuteronomy 15:7-10, Psalms 112:9, Luke 16:21, Acts 11:29, Galatians 2:10
the eyes: Deuteronomy 28:32, Psalms 69:3, 119:82,123, Isaiah 38:14, Lamentations 4:17

Verse 17

Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;

have: Deuteronomy 15:11,14, Nehemiah 8:10, Luke 11:41, John 13:29, Acts 4:32
the fatherless: 29:13-16, Ezekiel 18:7,16, Romans 12:13, James 1:27, 1 John 3:17

Verse 18

(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father, and I have guided her from my mother's womb;)

her: that is, the widow.

Verse 19

If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, or any poor without covering;

22:6, 2 Chronicles 28:15, Isaiah 58:7, Matthew 25:36,43, Luke 3:11, Acts 9:39, James 2:16, 1 John 3:18

Verse 20

If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep;

29:11, Deuteronomy 24:13

Verse 21

If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, when I saw my help in the gate:

lifted: 6:27, 22:9, 24:9, 29:12, Proverbs 23:10,11, Jeremiah 5:28, Ezekiel 22:7
when: Micah 2:1,2, 7:3

Verse 22

Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade, and mine arm be broken from the bone.

let: 10,40, Joshua 22:22,23, Psalms 7:4,5, 137:6
bone: or, chanel bone.

Verse 23

For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.

destruction: 20:23, 21:20, Genesis 39:9, Psalms 119:120, Isaiah 13:6, Joel 1:15, 2 Corinthians 5:11
by: 13:11, 40:9, 42:5,6, Psalms 76:7

Verse 24

If I have made gold my hope, or have said to the fine gold, Thou art my confidence;

Genesis 31:1, Deuteronomy 8:12-14, Psalms 49:6,7,17, 52:7, 62:10, Proverbs 10:15, 11:28, Proverbs 30:9, Mark 10:24, Luke 12:15, Colossians 3:5, 1 Timothy 6:10,17

Verse 25

If I rejoiced because my wealth was great, and because mine hand had gotten much;

rejoiced: Esther 5:11, Proverbs 23:5, Jeremiah 9:23, Ezekiel 28:5, Luke 12:19, 16:19,25
because: Deuteronomy 8:17,18, Isaiah 10:13,14, Daniel 4:30, Hosea 12:8, Habakkuk 1:16
gotten much: Heb. found much.

Verse 26

If I beheld the sun when it shined, or the moon walking in brightness;

beheld: Genesis 1:16-18, Deuteronomy 4:19, 11:16, 17:3, 2 Kings 23:5,11, Jeremiah 8:2, Ezekiel 8:16
sun: Heb. light. the moon.; Psalms 8:3,4, Jeremiah 44:17
in brightness: Heb. bright.

Verse 27

And my heart hath been secretly enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand:

my heart: Deuteronomy 11:16, 13:6, Isaiah 44:20, Romans 1:21,28
my mouth hath kissed my hand: Heb. my hand hath kissed my mouth.; 1 Kings 19:18, Psalms 2:12, Hosea 13:2

Verse 28

This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge: for I should have denied the God that is above.

an: 11, 9:15, 23:7, Genesis 18:25, Deuteronomy 17:2-7,9, Judges 11:27, Psalms 50:6, Hebrews 12:23
for: Joshua 24:23,27, Proverbs 30:9, Titus 1:16, 2 Peter 2:1, 1 John 2:23, Jude 1:4

Verse 29

If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:

2 Samuel 1:12, 4:10,11, 16:5-8, Psalms 35:13,14,25,26, Proverbs 17:5, 24:17,18

Verse 30

Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul.

have: Exodus 23:4,5, Matthew 5:43,44, Romans 12:14, 1 Peter 2:22,23, 3:9
mouth: Heb. palate.; Ecclesiastes 5:2,6, Matthew 5:22, 12:36, James 3:6,9,10

Verse 31

If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh! we cannot be satisfied.

the men: 1 Samuel 24:4,10, 26:8, 2 Samuel 16:9,10, 19:21,22, Jeremiah 40:15,16, Luke 9:54,55, Luke 22:50,51
Oh: 19:22, Psalms 27:2, 35:25, Proverbs 1:11,12,18, Micah 3:2,3

Verse 32

The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the traveller.

The stranger: 17,18, Genesis 19:2,3, Judges 19:15,20,21, Isaiah 58:7, Matthew 25:35,40,44,45, Romans 12:13, 1 Timothy 5:10, Hebrews 13:2, 1 Peter 4:9
traveller: or, way.

Verse 33

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:

covered: Genesis 3:7,8,12, Joshua 7:11, Proverbs 28:13, Hosea 6:7, Acts 5:8, 1 John 1:8-10
as Adam: or, after the manner of men.; Hosea 6:7

Verse 34

Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?

Did I: Exodus 23:2, Proverbs 29:25, Jeremiah 38:4,5,16,19, Matthew 27:20-26
the contempt: 22:8, 34:19, Exodus 32:27, Numbers 25:14,15, Nehemiah 5:7, 13:4-8,28, 2 Corinthians 5:16
that I: Esther 4:11,14, Proverbs 24:11,12, Amos 5:11-13, Micah 7:3

Verse 35

Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book.

Oh: 13:3, 17:3, 23:3-7, 33:6, 38:1-3, 40:4,5
my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me: or, my sign is that the Almighty will answer me.; 13:21,22, Psalms 26:1
mine: 13:24, 19:11,23,24, 33:10,11, Matthew 5:25

Verse 36

Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me.

I: Exodus 28:12, Isaiah 22:22
a crown: 29:14, Isaiah 62:3, Philippians 4:1

Verse 37

I would declare unto him the number of my steps; as a prince would I go near unto him.

declare: 9:3, 13:15, 14:16, 42:3-6, Psalms 19:12
as a: Genesis 32:28, Ephesians 3:12, Hebrews 4:15,16, 1 John 3:19-21

Verse 38

If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;

cry: 20:27, Habakkuk 2:11, James 5:4
complain: Heb. weep.; Psalms 65:13

Verse 39

If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:

fruits: Heb. strength.; Genesis 4:12
caused the owners thereof to lose their life: Heb. caused the soul of the owners thereof to expire, or breathe out.; 1 Kings 21:13-16,19, Proverbs 1:19, Isaiah 26:21, Ezekiel 22:6,12,13

Verse 40

Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

thistles: Choach, probably the black thorn. (See on 2 Ki 14:9.); Genesis 3:17,18, Isaiah 7:23, Zephaniah 2:9, Malachi 1:3
cockle: or, noisome weeds. The.; Psalms 72:20

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Job 31

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