Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Deuteronomy 31

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Introduction

1  Moses encourages the people.
7  He encourages Joshua.
9  He delivers the law unto the priests to be read in the seventh year to the people.
14  God gives a charge to Joshua;
19  and a song to testify against the people.
24  Moses delivers the book of the law to the Levites to keep.
28  He makes a protestation.
Verse 2

And he said unto them, I am an hundred and twenty years old this day; I can no more go out and come in: also the LORD hath said unto me, Thou shalt not go over this Jordan.
I am an
The life of Moses, the great prophet of Jehovah and lawgiver of the Jews, was exactly the same in length as the time Noah employed in preaching righteousness to the antediluvian world. These one hundred and twenty years were divided into three remarkable periods. Forty years he lived in Egypt, in the court of Pharaoh, acquiring all the learning and wisdom of the Egyptians (Ac 7:20, 23); forty years he sojourned in Midian, in a state of preparation for his great and important mission (Ac 7:29, 30); and forty years he guided, led, and governed the Israelites under the express direction and authority of God: in all 120 years.
34:7, Exodus 7:7, Joshua 14:10,11, Psalms 90:10, Acts 7:23
I can no more
34:7, Numbers 27:17, 2 Samuel 21:17, 1 Kings 3:7
Thou shalt not
3:26,27, 4:21,22, 32:48-52, Numbers 20:12, 27:13,14, Acts 20:25, 2 Peter 1:13,14
Verse 3

The LORD thy God, he will go over before thee, and he will destroy these nations from before thee, and thou shalt possess them: and Joshua, he shall go over before thee, as the LORD hath said.
thy God
9:3, Genesis 48:21, Psalms 44:2,3, 146:3-6
and Joshua
7,8,14,23, 3:28, 34:9, Numbers 27:18-21, Joshua 1:2, 3:7, 4:14, Acts 7:45, Hebrews 4:8
Jesus
Verse 4

And the LORD shall do unto them as he did to Sihon and to Og, kings of the Amorites, and unto the land of them, whom he destroyed.
2:33, 3:3-11,21, 7:2,16, Exodus 23:28-31, Numbers 21:24-35
Verse 5

And the LORD shall give them up before your face, that ye may do unto them according unto all the commandments which I have commanded you.
And the Lord
7:2,18
according
7:23-25, 20:16,17, Exodus 23:32,33, 34:12-16, Numbers 33:52-56
Verse 6

Be strong and of a good courage, fear not, nor be afraid of them: for the LORD thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.
Be strong
7,23, 20:4, Joshua 1:6,7,9, 10:25, 1 Chronicles 22:13, 28:10,20, 2 Chronicles 32:7, Psalms 27:14, Isaiah 43:1-5, Haggai 2:4, Zechariah 8:13, 1 Corinthians 16:13, Ephesians 6:10, 2 Timothy 2:1
fear not
1:29, 7:18, 20:1,3,4, Numbers 14:9, Psalms 27:1, Isaiah 41:10, 51:12, Luke 12:32, Revelation 21:8
he will not fail
4:31, Joshua 1:5, 1 Chronicles 28:20, Isaiah 41:13-17, Hebrews 13:5
Verse 7

And Moses called unto Joshua, and said unto him in the sight of all Israel, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou must go with this people unto the land which the LORD hath sworn unto their fathers to give them; and thou shalt cause them to inherit it.
Be strong
6,23, 1:38, 3:28, Joshua 1:6, Daniel 10:19, Ephesians 6:10
for thou must
3, 1:38, 3:28, John 1:17
Verse 8

And the LORD, he it is that doth go before thee; he will be with thee, he will not fail thee, neither forsake thee: fear not, neither be dismayed.
he it is that
3, 9:3, Exodus 13:21,22, 33:14
he will be
6, Joshua 1:5,9, 1 Chronicles 28:20, Isaiah 8:9,10, 43:1,2, Romans 8:31
Verse 9

And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it unto the priests the sons of Levi, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and unto all the elders of Israel.
Moses
22-24,28, Numbers 33:2, Daniel 9:13, Malachi 4:4, Mark 10:4,5, 12:19, Luke 20:28, John 1:17,45, 5:46
delivered
24-26, 17:18
the priests
Hosea 4:6, Malachi 2:7
which bare
Numbers 4:15, Joshua 3:3,14-17, 6:12, 1 Kings 8:3, 1 Chronicles 15:2,12-15
Verse 10

And Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven years, in the solemnity of the year of release, in the feast of tabernacles,
15:1,2, Leviticus 23:34-43
Verse 11

When all Israel is come to appear before the LORD thy God in the place which he shall choose, thou shalt read this law before all Israel in their hearing.
to appear
16:16,17, Exodus 23:16,17, 34:24, Psalms 84:7
in the place
12:5
thou
shalt read.
Joshua 8:34,35, 2 Kings 23:2, Nehemiah 8:1-8,13,18, 9:3, Luke 4:16,17, Acts 13:15, Acts 15:21
Verse 12

Gather the people together, men, and women, and children, and thy stranger that is within thy gates, that they may hear, and that they may learn, and fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law:
Gather
4:10
men
6:6,7, Ezra 10:1, Psalms 19:7-11, John 5:39, 2 Timothy 3:15-17
that they may
29:29, Psalms 34:11-14
Verse 13

And that their children, which have not known any thing, may hear, and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as ye live in the land whither ye go over Jordan to possess it.
6:7, 11:2, Psalms 78:4-8, Proverbs 22:6, Ephesians 6:4
Verse 14

And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thy days approach that thou must die: call Joshua, and present yourselves in the tabernacle of the congregation, that I may give him a charge. And Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the tabernacle of the congregation.
that thou must die
2, 34:5, Numbers 27:13, Joshua 23:14, 2 Kings 1:4, Ecclesiastes 9:5, Isaiah 38:1
I may give
23, Numbers 27:19,20, Acts 20:28-31, 2 Timothy 4:1-4
presented
Exodus 34:2, Joshua 24:1, 1 Samuel 10:19, Job 1:6, 2:1, Romans 12:1, Jude 1:24
Verse 15

And the LORD appeared in the tabernacle in a pillar of a cloud: and the pillar of the cloud stood over the door of the tabernacle.
Exodus 33:9,10, 40:38, Psalms 99:7
Verse 16

And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them.
thou shalt
Genesis 25:8, 2 Samuel 7:12, Isaiah 57:2, Acts 13:36
sleep
Heb. lie down. Shochaiv, "lying down:" it signifies to rest, take rest in sleep, and metaphorically, to die. Though much stress cannot be safely laid upon this expression to prove the immortality of the soul, or that the people, in the time of Moses, had a distinct notion of its separate existence; yet is was understood in this sense by Jonathan, who paraphrases the words thus: "Thou shalt lie down in the dust with thy fathers; and thy soul nishmatoch) shall be laid up in the treasury of the life to come, with thy fathers."
Job 20:11
and go a
Exodus 32:6, 34:15, Leviticus 20:3-6, Judges 2:17-20, Psalms 73:27, 106:39, Isaiah 57:3-8, Jeremiah 3:1-3, Ezekiel 16:15,25-36, 23:5-8,9-21, Hosea 2:2-5, Revelation 17:2-5, 19:2
forsake me
32:15, Judges 2:12, 10:6,13, Jeremiah 2:11-13
break my
Leviticus 26:15, Judges 2:20, Jeremiah 31:32
Verse 17

Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall befall them; so that they will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us, because our God is not among us?
my anger
29:20, 32:21,22, Judges 2:14,15, Psalms 2:12, 90:11
I will forsake
1 Chronicles 28:9, 2 Chronicles 15:2, Jeremiah 23:33,39, Hosea 9:12
hide my face
Though this may allude to the withdrawing of the Shechinah, or visible appearance of Jehovah, yet the general meaning of the expression in Scripture is, the withdrawing of his approbation and protection, of which his visible appearance was formerly the sign and pledge.
32:20, Job 13:24, Psalms 27:9, 30:7, 89:46, 104:29, Isaiah 8:17, 64:7, Ezekiel 39:23,24,29
befal them
Heb. find them.
Nehemiah 9:32; *marg:; Job 34:11
Are not these
29:24-27, Numbers 14:42, Judges 6:13, Isaiah 63:17
Verse 18

And I will surely hide my face in that day for all the evils which they shall have wrought, in that they are turned unto other gods.
16,17
Verse 19

Now therefore write ye this song for you, and teach it the children of Israel: put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel.
this song
22,30, 32:1-43,44,45
and teach it
4:9,10, 6:7, 11:19
put it in their
Exodus 4:15, 2 Samuel 14:3, Isaiah 51:16, 59:21, Jeremiah 1:9
a witness
21,26, Ezekiel 2:5, Matthew 10:18, John 12:48
Verse 20

For when I shall have brought them into the land which I sware unto their fathers, that floweth with milk and honey; and they shall have eaten and filled themselves, and waxen fat; then will they turn unto other gods, and serve them, and provoke me, and break my covenant.
when
6:10-12, 7:1, 8:7
floweth
Exodus 3:8,17
eaten
8:10-14, Nehemiah 9:25,26
waxen fat
32:15, Nehemiah 9:25,26,35, Psalms 17:10, 73:7, 119:70, Jeremiah 5:28, 50:11, Ezekiel 34:16,20, Hosea 13:6
then
16,17
Verse 21

And it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are befallen them, that this song shall testify against them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed: for I know their imagination which they go about, even now, before I have brought them into the land which I sware.
this song
A sacred song, appointed to be composed by Moses, doubtless under divine inspiration; which the people were required to learn, and teach to their children from generation to generation.
against
Heb. before. I know.
Genesis 6:5, 8:21, Psalms 139:2, Isaiah 46:10, Ezekiel 38:10,11, Hosea 5:3, 13:5,6, Amos 5:25,26, John 2:24,25, Acts 2:23, 4:28
go about
Heb. do.
Verse 22

Moses therefore wrote this song the same day, and taught it the children of Israel.
9,19
Verse 23

And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said, Be strong and of a good courage: for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I sware unto them: and I will be with thee.
he gave Joshua
7,8,14, Joshua 1:5-9
shalt bring
3, 3:28, Acts 7:45
Verse 24

And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished,
writing the words
9, 17:18
Verse 25

That Moses commanded the Levites, which bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, saying,
bare the ark
Verse 26

Take this book of the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee.
in the side
1 Kings 8:9, 2 Kings 22:8-11, 2 Chronicles 34:14,15
a witness
19, 2 Kings 22:8,13-19, Romans 3:19,20, Galatians 2:19
Verse 27

For I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck: behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, ye have been rebellious against the LORD; and how much more after my death?
I know
32:20
stiff neck
9:6, 32:20, Exodus 32:8, 2 Chronicles 30:8, Psalms 78:8, Isaiah 48:4, Acts 7:51
ye have been
9:24
Verse 28

Gather unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to record against them.
Gather unto me
12, 29:10, Genesis 49:1,2, Exodus 18:25, Numbers 11:16,17
call heaven
4:26, 30:19, 32:1, Isaiah 1:2, Luke 19:40
Verse 29

For I know that after my death ye will utterly corrupt yourselves, and turn aside from the way which I have commanded you; and evil will befall you in the latter days; because ye will do evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger through the work of your hands.
corrupt yourselves
32:5, Judges 2:19, Isaiah 1:4, Hosea 9:9, Acts 20:30, 2 Timothy 3:1-6, 2 Peter 1:14,15, 2 Peter 2:1,2
and evil
28:15-68, 29:18-28, Leviticus 26:14-46, 2 Chronicles 34:24, Luke 19:42-44, 21:24
the latter days
4:30, Genesis 49:1, Job 19:25, Ezekiel 38:8, 1 Timothy 4:1, 2 Timothy 3:1, Hebrews 1:2, 2 Peter 3:3
Verse 30

And Moses spake in the ears of all the congregation of Israel the words of this song, until they were ended.
4:5, John 12:49, Acts 20:27, Hebrews 3:2,5

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