Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Deuteronomy 14

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Introduction

1  God's children are not to disfigure themselves in mourning.
3  What may, and what may not be eaten;
4  of beasts;
9  of fishes;
11  of fowls.
21  That which dieth of itself may not be eaten.
22  Tithes of divine service.
23  Tithes and firstlings to be eaten before the Lord.
28  The third year's tithe of alms and charity.
Verse 1

Ye are the children of the LORD your God: ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead.
the children
Genesis 6:2,4, Exodus 4:22,23, Psalms 82:6,7, Jeremiah 3:19, Hosea 1:10, John 1:12, 11:52, Romans 8:16, 9:8,26, 2 Corinthians 6:18, Galatians 3:26, Hebrews 2:10, 1 John 3:1,2,10, 5:2
ye shall not
The heathen nations not only did these things in honour of their gods, but in grief for the death of a relative.
Leviticus 19:27,28, 21:5, Jeremiah 16:6, 41:5, 47:5, 1 Thessalonians 4:13
Verse 2

For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth.
21, 7:6, 26:18,19, 28:9, Exodus 19:5,6, Leviticus 11:45, 19:2, 20:26, Isaiah 6:13, Isaiah 62:12, Ezekiel 21:2, Daniel 8:24, 12:7, Titus 2:14, 1 Peter 2:9
Verse 3

Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing.
Leviticus 11:43, 20:25, Isaiah 65:4, Ezekiel 4:14, Acts 10:12-14, Romans 14:14, 1 Corinthians 10:28, Titus 1:15
Verse 4

These are the beasts which ye shall eat: the ox, the sheep, and the goat,
Leviticus 11:2-8, 1 Kings 4:23
Verse 5

The hart, and the roebuck, and the fallow deer, and the wild goat, and the pygarg, and the wild ox, and the chamois.
the wild goat
The word akko, according to the LXX. and Vulgate, signifies the tragelephus, or goat-deer; so called from its resemblance to both species. Dr. Shaw states that an animal of this kind is found in the East, where it is called fishtûll, and lerwee.
the wild ox
Theo, probably the oryx of the Greeks, a species of large stag; and the Bekkar el wash of Dr. Shaw.
Verse 6

And every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat.
Psalms 1:1,2, Proverbs 18:1, 2 Corinthians 6:17; On this verse remark, that the clean beast must both chew the cud and part the hoof: two distinct characteristics, or general signs, by which the possibility of error arising from the misinterpretation of names is obviated. When God directs, his commands are not of doubtful interpretation.
Verse 7

Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you.
Matthew 7:22,23,26, 2 Timothy 3:5, Titus 1:16, 2 Peter 2:18-22
Verse 8

And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcase.
the swine
Isaiah 65:4, 66:3,17, Luke 15:15,16, 2 Peter 2:22
touch
Leviticus 11:26,27
Verse 9

These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters: all that have fins and scales shall ye eat:
Leviticus 11:9-12
Verse 12

But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
Leviticus 11:13-19
Verse 13

And the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind,
the glede
Raâh, probably the same as daâh, rendered vulture in Le 11:14, where six of Dr. Kennicott's codices read some animal of the hawk or vulture kind: LXX. [gupa] vulture.
Verse 15

And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,
Job 30:29
the night
Tachmas, probably the bird which Hasselquist calls strix orientalis, or oriental owl.
the cuckow
Shachpaph, probably the sea-gull or mew.
Verse 16

The little owl, and the great owl, and the swan,
the swan
Tinshemeth, probably, as Michaelis supposes, the goose.
Verse 17

And the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant,
gier
Rachamah, probably a species of vulture, still called in Arabic by the same name.
the cormorant
Shalach, probably the cataract, or plungeon, a sea fowl.
Verse 18

And the stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.
the lapwing
Doocheephath, the upupa, or hoop, a beautiful but very unclean bird.
Verse 19

And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten.
Leviticus 11:20-23, Philippians 3:19
Verse 21

Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien: for thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.
any thing
Leviticus 17:15, 22:8, Ezekiel 4:14, Acts 15:20
the stranger
Exodus 12:43-45, Leviticus 19:33,34
an holy
2, Daniel 8:24, 12:7, 1 Peter 1:16
Thou shalt
Exodus 23:19, 34:26, Romans 12:2
Verse 22

Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed, that the field bringeth forth year by year.
12:6,17, 26:12-15, Leviticus 27:30-33, Numbers 18:21, Nehemiah 10:37
Verse 23

And thou shalt eat before the LORD thy God, in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine oil, and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks; that thou mayest learn to fear the LORD thy God always.
eat before
12:5-7,17,18
the firstlings
15:19,20
Verse 24

And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the LORD thy God shall choose to set his name there, when the LORD thy God hath blessed thee:
if the place
11:24, 12:21, Exodus 23:31
which
12:5
Verse 26

And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth: and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household,
bestow
Ezra 7:15-17,22, Matthew 21:12, Mark 11:15, John 2:14-16
thy soul
12:15,20,21, Psalms 106:14, 1 Corinthians 6:12,13, 10:6
desireth
Heb. asketh of thee. eat.
12:7,12,18, 26:11
rejoice
Ecclesiastes 9:7
Verse 27

And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee.
the Levite
29, 12:12,18,19, Galatians 6:6, 1 Timothy 5:17
he hath no
29, 18:1,2, Numbers 18:20
Verse 28

At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year, and shalt lay it up within thy gates:
the end
22, 26:12-15, Amos 4:4
thou shalt bring
As the Levites had no inheritance, the Israelites were not to forget them, but truly tithe their increase. For their support, the Levites had, 1. The tenth of all the productions of the land. 2. Forty-eight cities, each forming a square of 4,000 cubits. 3. Two thousand cubits of ground round each city; total of land, 53,000 acres. 4. The first-fruits, and certain parts of all the animals killed in the land. But though this was a very small proportion for a whole tribe that had consented to annihilate its political existence, that it might wait upon the service of God, yet, let it be considered, that what they possessed was the best of the land: and while it was slender remuneration for their services, yet their portion was such as rendered them independent, and kept them comfortable; so that they could wait on God, and labour in his work, without distraction.
Verse 29

And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest.
he hath
27, 12:12
the stranger
16:11,14, 24:19-21, 26:12,13, Exodus 22:21-24, Leviticus 19:34, Job 31:16-22, Luke 14:12-14, Hebrews 13:2, James 1:27
that the Lord
15:10, Psalms 41:1, Proverbs 3:9,10, 11:24, 19:17, Isaiah 58:7-12, Malachi 3:10,11, Luke 6:35, 11:41, 2 Corinthians 9:6-11

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