Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

2 Kings 19

Introduction

1	Hezekiah mourning, sends to Isaiah to pray for them.
6	Isaiah comforts them.
8	Sennacherib, going to encounter Tirhakah, sends a blasphemous letter to Hezekiah.
14	Hezekiah's prayer.
20	Isaiah's prophecy of the pride and destruction of Sennacherib, and the good of Zion.
35	An angel slays the Assyrians.
36	Sennacherib is slain by his own sons.

Verse 1

And it came to pass, when king Hezekiah heard it, that he rent his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD.

when king: Isaiah 37:1-7
he rent: 5:7, 18:37, 1 Samuel 4:12, Ezra 9:3, Job 1:20, Jeremiah 36:24, Matthew 26:65
covered: 6:30, Genesis 37:34, 1 Kings 21:27,29, Esther 4:1-4, Psalms 35:13, Jonah 3:8, Matthew 11:21
went into: 2 Chronicles 7:15,16, Job 1:20,21

Verse 2

And he sent Eliakim, which was over the household, and Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz.

he sent Eliakim: 18:18, 22:13,14, Isaiah 37:2-5
to Isaiah: 2 Chronicles 26:22, Matthew 4:14, Luke 3:4
Esaias: the son of Amoz.; Isaiah 1:1, 2:1

Verse 3

And they said unto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and blasphemy: for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth.

This day: 18:29, Psalms 39:11, 123:3,4, Jeremiah 30:5-7, Hosea 5:15, 6:1
blasphemy: or, provocation.; Psalms 95:8, Hebrews 3:15,16
for the children: Isaiah 26:17,18, 66:9, Hosea 13:13

Verse 4

It may be the LORD thy God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom the king of Assyria his master hath sent to reproach the living God; and will reprove the words which the LORD thy God hath heard: wherefore lift up thy prayer for the remnant that are left.

the Lord: Genesis 22:14, Deuteronomy 32:36, Joshua 14:12, 1 Samuel 14:6, 2 Samuel 16:12
whom the king: 18:17-35
reprove: 22, 1 Samuel 17:45, Psalms 50:21, 74:18
lift up: 2 Chronicles 32:20, Psalms 50:15, Jeremiah 33:3, Ezekiel 36:37, Romans 9:27, James 5:16,17
the remnant: 17:5,6, 18:13, 2 Chronicles 28:5,6, Isaiah 8:7,8, 10:6
left: Heb. found.

Verse 6

And Isaiah said unto them, Thus shall ye say to your master, Thus saith the LORD, Be not afraid of the words which thou hast heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed me.

Isaiah: Isaiah 37:6,7-38
Be not afraid: 6:16, Exodus 14:13, Leviticus 26:8, Deuteronomy 20:1,3,4, Joshua 11:6, 2 Chronicles 20:15,17, Isaiah 41:10-14, 51:7,12,13
the servants: 18:17,35, Psalms 74:18,23, Revelation 13:6

Verse 7

Behold, I will send a blast upon him, and he shall hear a rumour, and shall return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.

a blast: 35-37, Job 4:9, Psalms 11:6, 18:14,15, 50:3, Isaiah 10:16-18, 11:4, Jeremiah 51:1
hear a rumour: 7:6, Job 15:21, Jeremiah 49:14, 51:46, Obadiah 1:1
I will cause: 36,37, 2 Chronicles 32:21

Verse 8

So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah: for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.

Libnah: 8:22, Joshua 10:29, 12:15, 15:42
Lachish: 18:14, Joshua 12:11, 15:39, Isaiah 37:8,9, Micah 1:13

Verse 9

And when he heard say of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, Behold, he is come out to fight against thee: he sent messengers again unto Hezekiah, saying,

when he heard: When Sennacherib had levied contributions on Hezekiah, he marched his army into Egypt; where, after several successes, he laid siege to Pelusium, and spent much time in it; but hearing that Tirhakah, king of Ethiopia, whom Strabo calls Therchon, was marching against him with a great army, to assist his kinsman Sevechus, or Sethon, the king of Egypt, he durst not abide his coming, but raised the siege; and returning to Judea, he encamped against Lachish, and afterwards against Libnah. But finding that Tirhakah pursued him as a fugitive, he marched back to encounter him; and having totally routed his army, he returned to wreak his vengeance on Hezekiah.; 1 Samuel 23:27, Isaiah 37:9
sent: 18:17

Verse 10

Thus shall ye speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying, Let not thy God in whom thou trustest deceive thee, saying, Jerusalem shall not be delivered into the hand of the king of Assyria.

18:5,29,30, 2 Chronicles 32:15-19, Isaiah 37:10-14

Verse 11

Behold, thou hast heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, by destroying them utterly: and shalt thou be delivered?

17,18, 17:5-11, 2 Chronicles 32:13,14, Isaiah 10:8-11

Verse 12

Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Thelasar?

Have the gods: 18:33,34
Gozan: 17:6, 1 Chronicles 5:26
Haran: Genesis 11:31, 29:4, Acts 7:4
Charran: Rezeph. Rezeph was probably either Rezapha, which Ptolemy places in the Palmyrene, west of the Euphrates; or rather, Rezipha, in Mesopotamia, east of the Euphrates.
Eden: Genesis 2:8, Isaiah 37:12
Telassar: Ezekiel 27:23

Verse 13

Where is the king of Hamath, and the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, of Hena, and Ivah?

the king: 17:24, Numbers 13:21, 34:8, Isaiah 11:11, Jeremiah 39:5, 49:23, Zechariah 9:2
Arpad: 18:34, Isaiah 37:13-20
Arphad

Verse 14

And Hezekiah received the letter of the hand of the messengers, and read it: and Hezekiah went up into the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD.

Hezekiah: Isaiah 37:14
spread it: 1 Kings 8:28-30, Ezra 9:5, Psalms 74:10,11, 91:1,2, 123:1-4

Verse 15

And Hezekiah prayed before the LORD, and said, O LORD God of Israel, which dwellest between the cherubims, thou art the God, even thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; thou hast made heaven and earth.

prayed: 2 Samuel 7:18-28, 2 Chronicles 14:11, 20:6, 32:20, Daniel 9:3,4
O Lord God: Genesis 32:28, 33:20, 1 Kings 8:23, 1 Chronicles 4:10, Isaiah 41:17
dwellest: Exodus 25:22, 1 Samuel 4:4, 2 Chronicles 5:7,8, Psalms 80:1, 99:1
thou art the God: 5:15, 1 Kings 18:39, Isaiah 43:10, 44:6,8, 45:22, Daniel 4:34,35
thou hast made: Genesis 1:1, 2:4, Psalms 33:9, 102:25, 146:6, Jeremiah 10:10-12, John 1:1-3

Verse 16

LORD, bow down thine ear, and hear: open, LORD, thine eyes, and see: and hear the words of Sennacherib, which hath sent him to reproach the living God.

bow down: Psalms 31:2, Isaiah 37:17
open: 1 Kings 8:29, 2 Chronicles 6:40, Daniel 9:18
which hath sent: 4, Psalms 79:12, Isaiah 37:4,17, Hebrews 11:26

Verse 17

Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have destroyed the nations and their lands,

Of a truth: Job 9:2, Isaiah 5:9, Jeremiah 26:15, Daniel 2:47, Matthew 14:33, Luke 22:59, Acts 4:27, 1 Corinthians 14:25
the kings: 16:9, 17:6,24, 1 Chronicles 5:26, Isaiah 7:17,18, 10:9-11

Verse 18

And have cast their gods into the fire: for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone: therefore they have destroyed them.

have cast: Heb. have given.; 2 Samuel 5:21, Isaiah 46:1,2
for they were: Psalms 115:4-8, Isaiah 37:18,19, 44:9-20, Jeremiah 10:3-9,14-16, Acts 17:29

Verse 19

Now therefore, O LORD our God, I beseech thee, save thou us out of his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that thou art the LORD God, even thou only.

O Lord: Exodus 9:15,16, Joshua 7:9, 1 Samuel 17:45-47, 1 Kings 8:43, 18:36,37, 20:28, Psalms 67:1,2, 83:18, Daniel 4:34-37

Verse 20

Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, That which thou hast prayed to me against Sennacherib king of Assyria I have heard.

which thou hast: 2 Samuel 15:31, 17:23
I have heard: 20:5, 2 Chronicles 32:20,21, Job 22:27, Psalms 50:15, 65:2, Isaiah 58:9, 65:24, Jeremiah 33:3, Daniel 9:20-23, John 11:42, Acts 10:4,31, 1 John 5:14,15

Verse 21

This is the word that the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin the daughter of Zion hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

The virgin: Isaiah 23:12, 37:21,22-35, 47:1, Jeremiah 14:17, 18:13, 31:4, Lamentations 1:15, 2:13, Amos 5:2
the daughter: Psalms 9:14, 137:8, Isaiah 1:8, 23:10, 47:5, Jeremiah 46:11, Lamentations 2:13, 4:21, Micah 4:8, Zechariah 9:9
shaken her head: Job 16:4, Psalms 22:7,8, Isaiah 37:22, Lamentations 2:15, Matthew 27:39

Verse 22

Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.

Whom: 18:28-35, Exodus 5:2, Psalms 73:9, 74:22,23
exalted thy voice: Exodus 9:17, Proverbs 30:13, Isaiah 10:15, 14:13,14, Ezekiel 28:2-9, Daniel 5:20-23, 2 Corinthians 10:5, 2 Thessalonians 2:4
the Holy One: Psalms 71:22, Isaiah 5:24, 30:11,12,15, Jeremiah 51:5

Verse 23

By thy messengers thou hast reproached the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel.

By: Heb. By the hand of. messengers.; 18:17, 2 Chronicles 32:17
With the multitude: 18:23,33,34, Psalms 20:7, Isaiah 10:7-11,14, 37:24,25, Ezekiel 31:3-18
tall cedar trees thereof: Heb. tallness of the cedar-trees thereof. the forest of his Carmel. or, the forest, and his fruitful field.

Verse 24

I have digged and drunk strange waters, and with the sole of my feet have I dried up all the rivers of besieged places.

I have digged, etc: I have conquered strange countries, and marched through the driest places, in which I have digged wells for my army.
with the sole: My infantry have been so numerous, that they alone have been sufficient to dry up all the rivers of besieged places, either by drinking them, or by diverting their course into other channels.; Exodus 15:9, 2 Samuel 17:13, 1 Kings 20:10, Daniel 4:30
besieged places: or, fenced places.

Verse 25

Hast thou not heard long ago how I have done it, and of ancient times that I have formed it? now have I brought it to pass, that thou shouldest be to lay waste fenced cities into ruinous heaps.

Hast thou not, etc: or, Hast thou not heard how I have made it long ago, and formed it of ancient times? Should I now bring it to be laid waste, and fenced cities to be ruinous heaps? I have done it.; Psalms 33:11, 76:10, Isaiah 10:5,6,15, 37:26,27, 45:7, 46:10,11, 54:16, Acts 4:27,28

Verse 26

Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it be grown up.

of small power: Heb. short of hand.; Numbers 11:23, 14:9, Psalms 48:4-7, 127:1, Jeremiah 37:10, 50:36,37, 51:30,32
they were: Psalms 92:7, 102:11, Isaiah 40:6-8, James 1:10,11, 1 Peter 1:24
the grass: Psalms 129:6-8

Verse 27

But I know thy abode, and thy going out, and thy coming in, and thy rage against me.

I know: Psalms 139:1-11, Jeremiah 23:23,24
abode: or, sitting. thy going out.; Deuteronomy 28:6,19, Psalms 121:8, Isaiah 37:28,29

Verse 28

Because thy rage against me and thy tumult is come up into mine ears, therefore I will put my hook in thy nose, and my bridle in thy lips, and I will turn thee back by the way by which thou camest.

thy rage: Psalms 2:1-5, 7:6, 10:13,14, 46:6, 93:3,4, Luke 6:11, John 15:18,23,24, Acts 7:51
thy tumult: Psalms 65:7, 74:4,23, 83:2
I will put: This alludes to the method by which the common people manage their beasts in the East, especially the dromedaries, which are governed by a bridle fastened to a ring, which runs through the nostril of the beast.; Job 41:2, Psalms 32:9, Ezekiel 29:4, 38:4, Amos 4:2
by the way: 33,36,37

Verse 29

And this shall be a sign unto thee, Ye shall eat this year such things as grow of themselves, and in the second year that which springeth of the same; and in the third year sow ye, and reap, and plant vineyards, and eat the fruits thereof.

a sign: 21,31-34, 20:8,9, Exodus 3:12, 1 Samuel 2:34, Isaiah 7:11-14, Luke 2:12
Ye shall eat: Leviticus 25:4,5,20-22, Isaiah 37:30

Verse 30

And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall yet again take root downward, and bear fruit upward.

the remnant that, etc: Heb. the escaping of the house of Judah that remaineth.; 4, 2 Chronicles 32:22,23, Isaiah 1:9, 10:20-22
shall yet again: Psalms 80:9, Isaiah 27:6, 37:31,32

Verse 31

For out of Jerusalem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of mount Zion: the zeal of the LORD of hosts shall do this.

For: 4, Jeremiah 44:14, Romans 9:27, 11:5
they that escape: Heb. the escaping. the zeal.; Isaiah 9:7, 59:17, 63:15, Ezekiel 5:13, 20:9, Zechariah 1:14, John 2:17

Verse 32

Therefore thus saith the LORD concerning the king of Assyria, He shall not come into this city, nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with shield, nor cast a bank against it.

He shall not come: Isaiah 8:7-10, 10:24,25,28-32, 37:33-35
cast a bank: 2 Samuel 20:15, Ezekiel 21:22, Luke 19:43,44

Verse 33

By the way that he came, by the same shall he return, and shall not come into this city, saith the LORD.

By the way: 28,36

Verse 34

For I will defend this city, to save it, for mine own sake, and for my servant David's sake.

I will defend: 20:6, Psalms 46:5,6, 48:2-8, Isaiah 31:5, 38:6
for mine: Deuteronomy 32:27, Isaiah 43:25, 48:9,11, Ezekiel 36:22, Ephesians 1:6,14
my servant: 1 Kings 11:12,13, 15:4, Isaiah 9:7, Jeremiah 23:5,6, 33:21,26

Verse 35

And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.

that night: Exodus 12:29, Daniel 5:30, 1 Thessalonians 5:2,3
the angel: Exodus 12:29,30, 2 Samuel 24:16, 1 Chronicles 21:12,16, 2 Chronicles 32:21,22, Psalms 35:5,6, Acts 12:23
and smote: Isaiah 10:16-19,33, 30:30-33, 37:36, Hosea 1:7
when they arose: Exodus 12:30, Psalms 76:5-7,10

Verse 36

So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwelt at Nineveh.

Sennacherib: 7,28,33
Nineveh: Genesis 10:11,12, Jonah 1:2, 3:2-10, Nahum 1:1, 2:8, Matthew 12:41

Verse 37

And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword: and they escaped into the land of Armenia. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.

Nisroch: 10, 18:5,30, Deuteronomy 32:31, 2 Chronicles 32:14,19, Isaiah 37:37,38
his sons smote: 7, 2 Chronicles 32:21
the land: Armenia or Ararat is a province of Asia, comprising the modern Turcomania and part of Persia; having Georgia on the north, Curdistan, or the ancient Assyria on the south, and Asia Minor, now Natolia, on the west.
Armenia: Heb. Ararat.; Genesis 8:4, Jeremiah 51:27
Esar-haddon: Ezra 4:2

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2 Kings 19

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