Bible Commentaries

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

2 Kings 15

Clinging to a Counterfeit Cross
Introduction

1  Azariah's good reign.
5  He dying a leper, Jotham succeeds.
8  Zachariah the last of Jehu's generation, reigning ill, is slain by Shallum.
13  Shallum, reigning a month, is slain by Menahem.
16  Menahem strengthens himself by Pul.
21  Pekahiah succeeds him.
23  Pekahiah is slain by Pekah.
27  Pekah is oppressed by Tiglath-pileser, and slain by Hoshea.
32  Jotham's good reign.
36  Ahaz succeeds him.
Verse 1

In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah son of Amaziah king of Judah to reign.
A. M. 3194. B.C. 810. In the
8, 14:16,17
twenty and seventy
"This is the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam's partnership in the kingdom with his father, who made him consort at his going to the Syrian wars. It is the sixteenth year of Jeroboam's monarchy."
Azariah
13,30-38, 14:21, 2 Chronicles 26:1,3,4
Uzziah
Verse 3

And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that his father Amaziah had done;
12:2,3, 14:3,4, 2 Chronicles 26:4
Verse 4

Save that the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burnt incense still on the high places.
the high places
35, 14:4, 18:4, 1 Kings 15:14, 22:43, 2 Chronicles 17:6, 32:12, 34:3
Verse 5

And the LORD smote the king, so that he was a leper unto the day of his death, and dwelt in a several house. And Jotham the king's son was over the house, judging the people of the land.
A. M. 3239-3246. B.C. 765-758 the Lord
2 Samuel 3:29, 2 Chronicles 26:16-20, Job 34:19
so that
5:27, Numbers 12:10
and dwelt
7:3, Leviticus 13:46, Numbers 12:14, Deuteronomy 24:8
Jotham
2 Chronicles 26:21,23
judging
2 Samuel 8:15, 15:2-4, 1 Kings 3:9,28, Psalms 72:1
Verse 6

And the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
Azariah
Dr. Kennicott complains loudly here of "the corruption in the name of this king of Judah, who is expressed by four different names in this chapter: Ozriah, Oziah, Ozrihu, and Ozihu. Our oldest Hebrew MS. relieves us here, by reading truly, in verses 1, 6, 7, Uzziah, where the printed text is differently corrupted. This reading is called true, 1. Because it is supported by the Syriac and Arabic versions in these three verses. 2. Because the printed text itself has it so in ver. 32 and 34 of this very chapter. 3. Because it is so expressed in the parallel place in Chronicles: and 4. Because it is not [Azarias] Azarias, but [Ozias] Ozias, (Uzziah) in St. Matthew's genealogy
they not written
14:18, 2 Chronicles 26:5-15
Verse 7

So Azariah slept with his fathers; and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead.
A. M. 3246. B.C. 758
2 Chronicles 26:23, Isaiah 6:1
Uzziah
Verse 8

In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zachariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel in Samaria six months.
A. M. 3231. B.C. 773. the thirty. "There having been an interregnum for eleven years."
1, 14:16,17,21
Zachariah
14:29
Verse 9

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as his fathers had done: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.
as his
10:29,31, 13:2,11, 14:24
Verse 10

And Shallum the son of Jabesh conspired against him, and smote him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead.
A. M. 3232. B.C. 772. smote him. "As prophesied. Am 7:9."
slew him
14,25,30, 9:24,31, 1 Kings 15:28, 16:9,10, Hosea 1:4,5
Verse 11

And the rest of the acts of Zachariah, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
14:28
Verse 12

This was the word of the LORD which he spake unto Jehu, saying, Thy sons shall sit on the throne of Israel unto the fourth generation. And so it came to pass.
A. M. 3120. B.C. 884. the word
10:30
Thy son
13:1,10,13, 14:29
And so
9:25,26,36,37, 10:10, Numbers 23:19, Zechariah 1:6, Mark 13:31, John 10:35, John 19:24,36,37, Acts 1:16
Verse 13

Shallum the son of Jabesh began to reign in the nine and thirtieth year of Uzziah king of Judah; and he reigned a full month in Samaria.
A. M. 3232. B.C. 772. Uzziah
Azariah
Matthew 1:8,9
Ozias
a full month. Heb. a month of days.
1 Kings 16:15, Job 20:15, Psalms 55:23, Proverbs 28:2,17
Verse 14

For Menahem the son of Gadi went up from Tirzah, and came to Samaria, and smote Shallum the son of Jabesh in Samaria, and slew him, and reigned in his stead.
Tirzah
1 Kings 14:17, 15:21,33, 16:8,9,15,17
and smote
Verse 15

And the rest of the acts of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he made, behold, they are written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel.
11, 1 Kings 14:19,29, 22:39
Verse 16

Then Menahem smote Tiphsah, and all that were therein, and the coasts thereof from Tirzah: because they opened not to him, therefore he smote it; and all the women therein that were with child he ripped up.
Tiphzah
1 Kings 4:24
all the women
8:12, Amos 1:13
Verse 17

In the nine and thirtieth year of Azariah king of Judah began Menahem the son of Gadi to reign over Israel, and reigned ten years in Samaria.
A. M. 3232-3243. B.C. 772-761. nine
Verse 18

2 Kings 15:9

Verse 19

And Pul the king of Assyria came against the land: and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand.
A. M. 3233. B.C. 771. Pul. Prideaux supposes that this Pul was the father of the famous Sardanapalus, who was called Sardan with his father's name Pul annexed, as was frequent in those times, making Sardanpul: thus Merodach, king of Babylon, was Merodach-Baladan, because he was the son Baladan. This Pul began to reign according to Usher, A.M. 3237, the fifth year of Menahem; and he is supposed to be the same that reigned in Nineveh, when Jonah preached in that city
1 Chronicles 5:25,26, Isaiah 9:1
Menahem
12:18, 16:8, 17:3,4, 18:16, Hosea 5:13, 8:9,10, 10:6
to confirm
14:5, Jeremiah 17:5
Verse 20

And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth, of each man fifty shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria turned back, and stayed not there in the land.
Menahem
23:35
exacted
Heb. caused to come forth. the mighty.
Ruth 2:1, 2 Samuel 19:32, Job 1:3
of each man, etc
Or, rather, as Bishop Patrick renders, "to give to the king of Assyria fifty shekels of silver for each man," i.e., in his army. It may be supposed, that Menahem compelled "the mighty men of wealth" to give much more a-piece than this sum, (somewhat about 5£. sterling each) and each of them in some proportion to his affluence.
stayed not
29, 17:3,4, 18:14-17
Verse 21

And the rest of the acts of Menahem, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?
A. M. 3232-3243. B.C. 772-761
Verse 23

In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekahiah the son of Menahem began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned two years.
A. M. 3243. B.C. 761. and reigned two years
21:19, 1 Kings 15:25, 16:8, 22:51, Job 20:5
Verse 24

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.
A. M. 3243-3245. B.C. 761-759
9,18
Verse 25

But Pekah the son of Remaliah, a captain of his, conspired against him, and smote him in Samaria, in the palace of the king's house, with Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men of the Gileadites: and he killed him, and reigned in his room.
A. M. 3245. B.C. 759. Pekah
27, 2 Chronicles 28:6
a captain
9:5, 1 Kings 16:9
conspired
10, 9:14
with Argob
From the contstruction of the Hebrew text, it would appear that Argob and Arieh were slain with the king, and that the fifty Gileadites were conspirators with Pekah.
Verse 26

2 Kings 15:15

Verse 27

In the two and fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah Pekah the son of Remaliah began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned twenty years.
A. M. 3245-3265. B.C. 759-739. the two
2,8,13,23
Pekah
25,37, Isaiah 7:1,4,9
Verse 28

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD: he departed not from the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin.
evil
9,18, 13:2,6, 21:2
Verse 29

In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abelbethmaachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria.
Tiglath-pileser
Some suppose Tiglath-pileser to be the son of Sardanapalus: but the learned Prideaux makes him the same as Arbaces the Mede, called by Ælian, Thelgamus, and by Castor, Ninus Junior, who, with Belesis, headed the conspiracy against Sardanapalus, and fixed his royal seat at Nineveh, as Belesis, called in Scripture Baladan (Is 39:1), did his at Babylon. He reigned nineteen years, from A.M. 3257 to A.M. 3276.
16:7, 1 Chronicles 5:6,26, 2 Chronicles 28:20,21
Tiglath-pilneser
Isaiah 9:1
Ijon
1 Kings 15:20, 2 Chronicles 16:4
Abel-beth-maachah
2 Samuel 20:14,15
Janoah
Joshua 16:6
Janohah
Kedesh.
Joshua 19:37, 20:7
Hazor
Joshua 11:1,10,13, 12:19, Judges 4:2
Gilead
Numbers 32:1,40, Deuteronomy 3:15, Amos 1:3,13
Galilee
Joshua 20:7, 1 Kings 9:11, Isaiah 9:1,2, Matthew 4:15,16
carried them
17:6,23, Leviticus 26:32,38,39, Deuteronomy 4:26,27, 28:25,64,65, Isaiah 1:7, 7:20
Verse 30

And Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah the son of Remaliah, and smote him, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, in the twentieth year of Jotham the son of Uzziah.
A. M. 3265. B.C. 739. made
10,25
and smote
Hosea 10:3,7,15
reigned
"After an anarchy for some years."
in the twentieth
"In the fourth year of Ahaz, in the twentieth year after Jotham had begun to reign."--Usher.
32,33, 16:1, 17:1, 2 Chronicles 28:4-6,16, Isaiah 7:1-9, 8:6
Verse 32

In the second year of Pekah the son of Remaliah king of Israel began Jotham the son of Uzziah king of Judah to reign.
A. M. 3246. B.C. 758. Jotham
7, 1 Chronicles 3:12, 2 Chronicles 27:1-9, Matthew 1:9
Jotham
Uzziah.
1,7,13,17,23,27, 14:21, 1 Chronicles 3:12
Azariah
Verse 33

Five and twenty years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Jerusha, the daughter of Zadok.
A. M. 3246-3262. B.C. 758-742. Jerusha
2 Chronicles 27:1
Jerushah
Verse 34

And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD: he did according to all that his father Uzziah had done.
according
3,4, 2 Chronicles 26:4,5, 27:2
Verse 35

Howbeit the high places were not removed: the people sacrificed and burned incense still in the high places. He built the higher gate of the house of the LORD.
Howbeit
4, 18:4, 2 Chronicles 32:12
the higher gate
2 Chronicles 27:3-9
Verse 36

Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
the rest
6,7, 2 Chronicles 27:4-9
Verse 37

In those days the LORD began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah.
A. M. 3262. B.C. 742. In those days. "At the end of Jotham's reign." This Jotham died at forty-one. He was too great a blessing to be continued long to such an unworthy people. His death was a judgment, especially considering the character of Ahaz, his son and successor: for we read, (16:3) Ahaz made his son pass through the fire. This son may have been Hezekiah, who served the Lord, and whose prayer in sickness was most graciously herd and answered
Isaiah 38:1-22
began
10:32, 1 Samuel 3:12, Jeremiah 25:29, Luke 21:28
to send
Deuteronomy 28:48, Psalms 78:49, Isaiah 10:5-7, Jeremiah 16:16, 43:10
Rezin
16:5, 2 Chronicles 28:6, Isaiah 7:1,8, Hosea 5:12,13
Pekah
Verse 38

And Jotham slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father: and Ahaz his son reigned in his stead.
Jotham
2 Samuel 7:12, 1 Kings 1:2, 14:20,31
Ahaz
16:1, 1 Chronicles 3:13, 2 Chronicles 28:1, Matthew 1:9
Achaz

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