Bible Commentaries
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
1 Samuel 13
Introduction
| 1 | Saul's select band. |
| 3 | He calls the Hebrews to Gilgal against the Philistines, whose garrison Jonathan had smitten. |
| 5 | The Philistines' great host. |
| 6 | The distress of the Israelites. |
| 8 | Saul, weary of staying for Samuel, sacrifices. |
| 11 | Samuel reproves him. |
| 17 | The three spoiling bands of the Philistines. |
| 19 | The policy of the Philistines, to suffer no smith in Israel. |
Verse 1
Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel,
Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel,
-
- A. M. 2911. B.C. 1093. An. Ex. Is. 398
- reigned one year
- Heb. the son of one year in his reigning. This verse is variously interpreted; but probably it only means, according to the Hebrew idiom, that, during the first year nothing remarkable occurred; but after two years, (or in the second year of his reign,) the subsequent events took place.
; *marg:- Exodus 12:5, Micah 6:6
- A. M. 2911. B.C. 1093. An. Ex. Is. 398
Verse 2
Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.
Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.
-
- chose
- 8:11, 14:52
- Michmash
- Michmash was situated east of Bethaven, or Bethel; and Eusebius says it was in his time a considerable place, about nine miles from Jerusalem, towards Rama.
- 5,23, 14:5,31, Isaiah 10:28
- in Gibeah
- 10:26, 15:34, Joshua 18:28, Judges 19:12, 2 Samuel 21:6, Isaiah 10:29
Verse 3
And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear.
And Jonathan smote the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. And Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, Let the Hebrews hear.
-
- the garrison
- 10:5, 14:1-6, 2 Samuel 23:14
- Geba
- or, the hill.
- Joshua 18:24
- Gaba
- Joshua 21:17, Isaiah 10:29, Zechariah 14:10
- blew
- Judges 3:27, 6:34, 2 Samuel 2:28, 20:1
Verse 4
And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten a garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also was had in abomination with the Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal.
And all Israel heard say that Saul had smitten a garrison of the Philistines, and that Israel also was had in abomination with the Philistines. And the people were called together after Saul to Gilgal.
-
- was had in abomination
- Heb. did stink.
- Genesis 34:30, 46:34, Exodus 5:21, Zechariah 11:8
- to Gilgal
- 10:8, 11:14,15, Joshua 5:9
Verse 5
And the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and people as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude: and they came up, and pitched in Michmash, eastward from Bethaven.
And the Philistines gathered themselves together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and people as the sand which is on the sea shore in multitude: and they came up, and pitched in Michmash, eastward from Bethaven.
-
- thirty thousand chariots
- The Philistines had no doubt collected troops in this emergency, from all the surrounding nation; but the number of chariots is immensely large beyond any example, and wholly disproportioned to the number of their cavalry. It is probable, therefore, that for sheloshim aileph, "thirty thousand," we should read shelosh aileph, "three thousand," with the Syriac and Arabic.
- as the sand
- Genesis 22:17, Joshua 11:4, Judges 7:12, 2 Chronicles 1:9, Isaiah 48:19, Jeremiah 15:8, Romans 9:27
- Beth-aven
- 14:23, Joshua 7:2, 18:12, Hosea 4:15, 5:8, 10:5
Verse 6
When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.
When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait, (for the people were distressed,) then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.
-
- in a strait
- Exodus 14:10-12, Joshua 8:20, Judges 10:9, 20:41, 2 Samuel 24:14, Philippians 1:23
- in caves
- 14:11, 23:19, 24:3, Judges 6:2, Isaiah 42:22, Hebrews 11:38
Verse 7
And some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead. As for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.
And some of the Hebrews went over Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead. As for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.
-
- the Hebrews
- Leviticus 26:17,36,37, Deuteronomy 28:25
- Gad
- Numbers 32:1-5,33-42, Deuteronomy 3:12, Joshua 13:24-31
- followed him trembling
- Heb. trembled after him.
- Deuteronomy 20:8, Judges 7:3, Hosea 11:10,11
Verse 8
And he tarried seven days, according to the set time that Samuel had appointed: but Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people were scattered from him.
And he tarried seven days, according to the set time that Samuel had appointed: but Samuel came not to Gilgal; and the people were scattered from him.
-
- tarried
- 10:8
Verse 9
And Saul said, Bring hither a burnt offering to me, and peace offerings. And he offered the burnt offering.
And Saul said, Bring hither a burnt offering to me, and peace offerings. And he offered the burnt offering.
-
- he offered
- 12,13, 14:18, 15:21,22, Deuteronomy 12:6, 1 Kings 3:4, Psalms 37:7, Proverbs 15:8, Proverbs 20:22, 21:3,27, Isaiah 66:3
Verse 10
And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might salute him.
And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might salute him.
-
- Saul
- 15:13
- salute him
- Heb. bless him.
- 15:13, Ruth 2:4, Psalms 129:8
Verse 11
And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered themselves together at Michmash;
And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered themselves together at Michmash;
-
- What hast
- Genesis 3:13, 4:10, Joshua 7:19, 2 Samuel 3:24, 2 Kings 5:25
- Michmash
- 2,5,16,23, 14:5, Isaiah 10:28
Verse 12
Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.
Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.
-
- said I
- 1 Kings 12:26,27
- made supplication unto
- Heb. intreated the face of, etc. I forced.
- 21:7, Psalms 66:3, Amos 8:5, 2 Corinthians 9:7
Verse 13
And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever.
And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever.
-
- Thou hast done
- 2 Samuel 12:7-9, 1 Kings 18:18, 21:20, 2 Chronicles 16:9, 19:2, 25:15,16, Job 34:18, Proverbs 19:3, Matthew 14:3,4
- hast not kept
- 15:11,22,28, Psalms 50:8-15
Verse 14
But now thy kingdom shall not continue: the LORD hath sought him a man after his own heart, and the LORD hath commanded him to be captain over his people, because thou hast not kept that which the LORD commanded thee.
But now thy kingdom shall not continue: the LORD hath sought him a man after his own heart, and the LORD hath commanded him to be captain over his people, because thou hast not kept that which the LORD commanded thee.
-
- But now
- 2:30, 15:28
- the Lord
- 16:1,12, 2 Samuel 7:15,16, Psalms 78:70, 89:19,20-37, Acts 13:22
- captain over
- 9:16, 2 Samuel 5:2, 2 Kings 20:5, Hebrews 2:10
Verse 15
And Samuel arose, and gat him up from Gilgal unto Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, about six hundred men.
And Samuel arose, and gat him up from Gilgal unto Gibeah of Benjamin. And Saul numbered the people that were present with him, about six hundred men.
-
- Samuel
- The LXX. have, "Samuel arose and went away from Gilgal, and the remainder of the people went up along with the men of war after Samuel from Gilgal to Gibeah of Benjamin." This is probably the true reading; for it does not appear that Samuel went to Gibeah, which was Saul's usual residence; and the Hebrew copyist, as Dr. Wall observes, seems to have missed a line, and added to the sentence concerning Samuel, that which ended the sentence concerning Saul. One MS. instead of Samuel, in the beginning of the sentence, reads Saul.
- present
- Heb. found. about six.
- 2,6,7, 14:2
Verse 16
And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.
And Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Michmash.
-
- Gibeah
- Heb. Gebah.
Verse 17
And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual:
And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual:
-
- in three companies
- 11:11
- Ophrah
- Joshua 18:23
- Shual
- Joshua 19:3
Verse 18
And another company turned the way to Bethhoron: and another company turned to the way of the border that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.
And another company turned the way to Bethhoron: and another company turned to the way of the border that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.
-
- Beth-horon
- Joshua 10:11, 16:3,5, 18:13,14, 1 Chronicles 6:68, 2 Chronicles 8:5
- Zeboim
- Genesis 14:2, Nehemiah 11:34, Hosea 11:8
Verse 19
Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:
Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:
-
- there was no
- It is probable that the Philistines in the former wars had carried away all the smiths from Israel.
- Judges 5:8, 2 Kings 24:14, Isaiah 54:16, Jeremiah 24:1
Verse 21
Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.
Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads.
-
- a file
- Heb. a file with mouths. sharpen. Heb. set.
Verse 22
So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.
So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.
-
- there was neither
- 17:47,50, Judges 5:8, Zechariah 4:6, 1 Corinthians 1:27-29, 2 Corinthians 4:7
Verse 23
And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
-
- garrison
- or, standing camp.
- 3, 14:4
- passage
- 2,5, 14:1,4,5, Isaiah 10:28
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