Bible Commentaries

1 Chronicles 21:1 to 1 Chronicles 22:1—The Numbering of the Hosts; the Punishment (see notes on 2 Samuel 24:1-25).—There are many variations from the corresponding passage in 2 S., and it is uncertain whether the Chronicler used any other source or not.

1 Chronicles 21:1. And Satan stood up: in 2 Samuel 24:1 the temptation comes from Yahweh; the Chronicler altered this as unfitting in view of the developed doctrine of God which had supervened. In the earlier literature the term "Satan" means "adversary" (Numbers 22:22; Numbers 22:32); its use here as a proper name is a development due to the influence of Persian demonology on Jewish belief; cf. Job 1:6*, Job 2:2, Zechariah 3:1 f.

1 Chronicles 21:6. Probably added because, according to Numbers 1:49, the Levites might not be numbered for military purposes; he mentions Benjamin as not being counted because of Jerusalem, the Holy City, lying on his borders.

1 Chronicles 21:9. God: cf. 1 Chronicles 29:29, 2 Chronicles 29:25.

1 Chronicles 21:15. the threshing-floor of Ornan: this was on the top of Mount Zion where the Temple was built (cf. 1 Chronicles 22:1). In 2 Samuel 24:16 and elsewhere Ornan occurs in the form Araunah.

1 Chronicles 21:16. Not in 2 Samuel 24.—between the heaven and the earth: the Hebrew way of expressing "in mid-air." The description of the angel is a development due to the influence of Persian angelology; the earlier Hebrew conception pictured angels as men.

1 Chronicles 21:18. The reference to the angel here and in 1 Chronicles 21:20 is added by the Chronicler for the purpose of enhancing the supernaturalness of the episode; in 2 Samuel 24:18 ff. there is no mention of the angel.

1 Chronicles 21:23. wheat for the meal-offering: a characteristic addition by the Chronicler (cf. Leviticus 2:1 ff.).

1 Chronicles 21:25. six hundred shekels of gold: this, too, is characteristic of the Chronicler, who desires to emphasize the value of everything connected with the Temple, even down to its very site. In 2 Samuel 24:24 the price is fifty shekels of silver, including the oxen.

1 Chronicles 21:26. from heaven by fire: another addition by the Chronicler (cf. Leviticus 9:24).

1 Chronicles 21:28 to 1 Chronicles 22:1. 1 Chronicles 21:29 f. forms a parenthesis; 1 Chronicles 21:28; 1 Chronicles 22:1 describe the definite choice of Oman's threshing-floor as the site of the Temple.

1 Chronicles 21:29. the high place at Gibeon: cf. 1 Chronicles 16:39.

1 Chronicles 22:2 to 1 Chronicles 29:30. The whole of this section is the work of the Chronicler, though it is probable that he utilised some earlier sources in compiling it; a good deal of OT material is woven into it, but it has no parallel in earlier books, as in the case of the chapters so far considered.

1 Chronicles 22:2-19. David's Preparation for the Building of the Temple.—This is an imaginative elaboration of 2 Samuel 7:1-3; 2 Samuel 7:13.

1 Chronicles 22:3. couplings: the word is used only here (in reference to an iron object) and in 2 Chronicles 34:11 (in reference to a wooden object). It refers probably to hinges. A word from the same root occurs in Exodus 36:17 of the "place of joining" of curtains, and in Exodus 28:17 of the place of joining" of the shoulder-pieces of the ephod.

1 Chronicles 22:7. Taken from 1 Kings 8:17.

1 Chronicles 22:8. because thou hast shed much blood: cf. 1 Chronicles 28:3; the Chronicler's inference from 1 Kings 5:3.

1 Chronicles 22:9. Solomon, and I will give peace: a word-play; in Hebrew "Solomon" = Shĕlômôh, and "peace" = Shâlôm; but the two words are not radically connected.

1 Chronicles 22:10. Taken from 2 Samuel 7:13-14 a = 1 Chronicles 17:12-13 a.

1 Chronicles 22:12 f. This stress laid on the observance of the Law is characteristic of the Chronicler.

1 Chronicles 22:14. in my affliction: better "in my poverty"; the Chronicler desires to teach that, however great the amount devoted to the building of the Temple, any contribution to such an object can at best be but a poor one; hence also the enormous exaggeration in stating the amount so bestowed.

1 Chronicles 22:16. there is no number: the reference is not to the gold and silver, etc., which were weighed (cf. "without weight" in 1 Chronicles 22:14), but to the number of the workmen mentioned in 1 Chronicles 22:15. The Chronicler, with characteristic exaggeration, speaks of the metal as being without weight and the workmen without number; the quantity in each case defied enumeration.