Bible Commentaries
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
Genesis 18
Introduction
1 | The Lord appears to Abraham, who entertains angels. |
9 | Sarah is reproved for laughing at the promise of a son. |
16 | The destruction of Sodom is revealed to Abraham. |
23 | Abraham makes intercession for the inhabitants. |
Verse 1
And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day;
And the LORD appeared unto him in the plains of Mamre: and he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day;
-
- appeared
- 15:1, 17:1-3,22, 26:2, 48:3, Exodus 4:1, 2 Chronicles 1:7, Acts 7:2
- Mamre
- 13:18, 14:13
- and he sat
- In these verses we have a delightful picture of genuine and primitive hospitality: a venerable father sits at the tent door, not only to enjoy the current of refreshing air, but that if he saw any weary and exhausted travellers, he might invite them to rest and refresh themselves during the heat of the day, and the same custom still continues in the east. It was not the custom, nor was there any necessity, for strangers to knock at the door, or to speak first, but to stand till they were invited.
Verse 2
And he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground,
And he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood by him: and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself toward the ground,
-
- And he
- Judges 13:3,9, Hebrews 13:2
- three
- 22, 19:1, Hebrews 13:2, 1 Peter 4:9
- he ran
- Romans 12:13
- bowed
- 23:7, 33:3-7, 43:26,28, 44:14, Ruth 2:10, 2 Kings 2:15
Verse 3
And said, My Lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant:
And said, My Lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant:
-
- favour
- 32:5
Verse 4
Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:
Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:
-
- wash your feet
- In those ancient times, shoes such as ours, were not in use; and the foot was protected only with sandals or soles, fastened round the foot with straps. It was, therefore, not only necessary from motives of cleanliness, but also a very great refreshment, in so hot a country, to get the feet washed at the end of a day's journey; and this is the first thing that Abraham proposes.
- 19:2, 24:32, 43:24, 1 Samuel 25:41, Luke 7:44, John 13:5-15, 1 Timothy 5:10
- tree
- Rest in the shade was the second requisite for the refreshment of a weary traveller.
Verse 5
And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said.
And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts; after that ye shall pass on: for therefore are ye come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said.
-
- And I
- Judges 6:18, 13:15, Matthew 6:11
- bread
- This was the third requisite, and is introduced in its proper order; as eating immediately after exertion or fatigue is very unwholesome.
- comfort
- Heb. stay.
- Judges 19:5, Psalms 104:15, Isaiah 3:1
- are ye come
- Heb. ye have passed.
- 19:8, 33:10
Verse 6
And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.
And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth.
-
- Make ready quickly
- Heb. hasten. three.
- Isaiah 32:8, Matthew 13:33, Luke 10:38-40, Acts 16:15, Romans 12:13, Galatians 5:13, Hebrews 13:2, 1 Peter 4:9
Verse 7
And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.
And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetcht a calf tender and good, and gave it unto a young man; and he hasted to dress it.
-
- 19:3, Judges 13:15,16, Amos 6:4, Malachi 1:14, Matthew 22:4, Luke 15:23,27,30
Verse 8
And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.
And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.
-
- he took
- 19:3, Deuteronomy 32:14, Judges 5:25
- stood
- Nehemiah 12:44, Luke 12:37, 17:8, John 12:2, Galatians 5:13, Revelation 3:20
- and they
- 19:3, Judges 13:15, Luke 24:30,43, Acts 10:41
Verse 9
And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.
And they said unto him, Where is Sarah thy wife? And he said, Behold, in the tent.
-
- Where
- 4:9
- in
- 24:67, 31:33, Titus 2:5
Verse 10
And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.
And he said, I will certainly return unto thee according to the time of life; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son. And Sarah heard it in the tent door, which was behind him.
-
- he said
- 13,14, 16:10, 22:15,16
- according
- 17:21, 21:2, 2 Kings 4:16,17
- lo, Sarah
- 17:16,19,21, 21:2, Judges 13:3-5, Luke 1:13, Romans 9:8,9, Galatians 4:23,28
Verse 11
Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.
Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.
-
- old
- 17:17,24, Luke 1:7,18,36, Romans 4:18-21, Hebrews 11:11,12,19
- the
- 31:35, Leviticus 15:19
Verse 12
Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?
Therefore Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?
-
- laughed
- 13, 17:17, 21:6,7, Psalms 126:2, Luke 1:18-20,34,35, Hebrews 11:11,12
- my
- Ephesians 5:33, 1 Peter 3:6
Verse 13
And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?
And the LORD said unto Abraham, Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying, Shall I of a surety bear a child, which am old?
-
- Wherefore
- John 2:25
Verse 14
Is any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.
Is any thing too hard for the LORD? At the time appointed I will return unto thee, according to the time of life, and Sarah shall have a son.
-
- Is
- Numbers 11:23, Deuteronomy 7:21, 1 Samuel 14:6, 2 Kings 7:1,2, Job 36:5, 42:2, Psalms 93:1, 95:3, Jeremiah 32:17, Micah 7:18, Zechariah 8:6, Matthew 3:9, 14:31, 19:26, Mark 10:27, Luke 1:13,37, 8:50, Ephesians 3:20, Philippians 3:21, 4:13, Hebrews 11:19
- I will
- 10, 17:21, Deuteronomy 30:3, 2 Kings 4:16, Psalms 90:13, Micah 7:18, Luke 1:13,18
Verse 15
Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.
Then Sarah denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. And he said, Nay; but thou didst laugh.
-
- denied
- 4:9, 12:13, Job 2:10, Proverbs 28:13, John 18:17,25-27, Ephesians 4:23, Colossians 3:9, 1 John 1:8
- Nay
- Psalms 44:21, Proverbs 12:19, Mark 2:8, John 2:25, Romans 3:19
Verse 16
And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.
And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way.
-
- to bring
- Acts 15:3, 20:38, 21:5, Romans 15:24, 3 John 1:6
Verse 17
And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;
And the LORD said, Shall I hide from Abraham that thing which I do;
-
- 2 Kings 4:27, 2 Chronicles 20:7, Psalms 25:14, Amos 3:7, John 15:15, James 2:23
Verse 18
Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?
Seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him?
-
- become
- 12:2,3, 22:17,18, 26:4, Psalms 72:17, Acts 3:25,26, Galatians 3:8,14, Ephesians 1:3
Verse 19
For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.
For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the LORD, to do justice and judgment; that the LORD may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.
-
- For I
- 2 Samuel 7:20, Psalms 1:6, 11:4, 34:15, John 10:14, 21:17, 2 Timothy 2:19
- command
- 17:23-27, Deuteronomy 4:9,10, 6:6,7, 11:19-21, 32:46, Joshua 24:15, 1 Chronicles 28:9, Job 1:5, Psalms 78:2-9, Proverbs 6:20-22, 22:6, Isaiah 38:19, Ephesians 6:4, 1 Timothy 3:4, 1 Timothy 3:5,12, 2 Timothy 1:5, 3:15
- that the
- 1 Samuel 2:30,31, Acts 27:23,24,31
Verse 20
And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous;
And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous;
-
- the cry
- 4:10, 19:13, Isaiah 3:9, 5:7, Jeremiah 14:7, James 5:4
- sin
- 13:13
Verse 21
I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know.
I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know.
-
- I will go down
- This is spoken figuratively; and as the Jewish writers speak, according to the language of men. So eyes, ears, hands, and other members of the body are attributed to God, for effecting those things which men cannot accomplish without these members.
- 11:5,7, Exodus 3:8, 33:5, Micah 1:3, John 6:38, 1 Thessalonians 4:16
- see
- Job 34:22, Psalms 90:8, Jeremiah 17:1,10, Zephaniah 1:12, Hebrews 4:13
- I will know
- Exodus 33:5, Deuteronomy 8:2, 13:3, Joshua 22:22, Psalms 139:1-24, Luke 16:15, 2 Corinthians 11:11
Verse 22
And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the LORD.
And the men turned their faces from thence, and went toward Sodom: but Abraham stood yet before the LORD.
-
- the men
- 2, 19:1
- stood
- The two, whom we suppose to have been created angels, departed at this time; and accordingly two entered Sodom at evening: while the one, called Jehovah throughout the chapter, continued with Abraham, who "stood yet before the Lord." --Scott.
- 1, Psalms 106:23, Jeremiah 15:1, 18:20, Ezekiel 22:30, Acts 7:55, 1 Timothy 2:1
Verse 23
And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?
And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou also destroy the righteous with the wicked?
-
- drew
- Psalms 73:28, Jeremiah 30:21, Hebrews 10:22, James 5:17
- Wilt
- 25, 20:4, Numbers 16:22, 2 Samuel 24:17, Job 8:3, 34:17, Psalms 11:4-7, Romans 3:5,6
Verse 24
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou also destroy and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are therein?
-
- there
- 32, Isaiah 1:9, Jeremiah 5:1, Matthew 7:13,14
- spare
- Acts 27:24
Verse 25
That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?
That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?
-
- be far
- Jeremiah 12:1
- that the
- Job 8:20, 9:22,23, Ecclesiastes 7:15, 8:12,13, Isaiah 3:10,11, 57:1,2, Malachi 3:18
- Shall
- Deuteronomy 32:4, Job 8:3, 34:17-19, Psalms 11:5-7, 58:11, 94:2, 98:9, Romans 3:6
- Judge
- John 5:22-27, 2 Corinthians 5:10
Verse 26
And the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.
And the LORD said, If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for their sakes.
-
- Isaiah 6:13, 10:22, 19:24, 65:8, Jeremiah 5:1, Ezekiel 22:30, Matthew 24:22
Verse 27
And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes:
And Abraham answered and said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, which am but dust and ashes:
-
- I have
- 30-32, Ezra 9:6, Job 42:6-8, Isaiah 6:5, Luke 18:1
- dust
- 2:7, 3:19, Job 4:19, Psalms 8:4, 144:3, Ecclesiastes 12:7, Isaiah 6:5, 64:8, Luke 5:8, 1 Corinthians 15:47,48, 2 Corinthians 5:1,2
Verse 28
Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it.
Peradventure there shall lack five of the fifty righteous: wilt thou destroy all the city for lack of five? And he said, If I find there forty and five, I will not destroy it.
-
- wilt
- Numbers 14:17-19, 1 Kings 20:32,33, Job 23:3,4
- If I
- 26,29
Verse 29
And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty's sake.
And he spake unto him yet again, and said, Peradventure there shall be forty found there. And he said, I will not do it for forty's sake.
-
- Ephesians 6:18, Hebrews 4:16
Verse 30
And he said unto him, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there.
And he said unto him, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: Peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there.
-
- 44:18, Judges 6:39, Esther 4:11-16, Job 40:4, Psalms 9:12, 10:17, 89:7, Isaiah 6:5, Isaiah 55:8,9, Hebrews 12:28,29
Verse 31
And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty's sake.
And he said, Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord: Peradventure there shall be twenty found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for twenty's sake.
-
- 27, Matthew 7:7,11, Luke 11:8, 18:1, Ephesians 6:18, Hebrews 4:16, 10:20-22
Verse 32
And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten's sake.
And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: Peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for ten's sake.
-
- Oh
- 30, Judges 6:39, Proverbs 15:8, Isaiah 42:6,7, James 5:15-17, 1 John 5:15,16
- I will not
- Exodus 32:9,10,14, 33:13,14, 34:6,7,9,10, Numbers 14:11-20, Job 33:23, Psalms 86:5, Isaiah 65:8, Micah 7:18, Matthew 7:7, Ephesians 3:20, James 5:16
Verse 33
And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.
And the LORD went his way, as soon as he had left communing with Abraham: and Abraham returned unto his place.
-
- And the
- 16,22, 32:26
- and Abraham
- 31:55
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