Bible Commentaries

1. Rebuke me not in thy wrath—The psalm opens with the words of Psalms 6:1. David trembles lest the chastisement should pass over to the severity of condign punishment.

2. Arrows—See Job 6:4. The arrows sticking fast, are a proof that they had entered deep into the flesh.

3. Neither… rest in my bones—The depth of the wounds had disturbed the solid frame-work of the man.

Because of my sin—This is the office of all corrective visitation—to call to mind the fact and horrible turpitude of sin. It was God’s arrows—God’s hard pressing hand, his anger—which troubled him.

4. Iniquities are gone over mine head—The figure is that of sinking into deep waters. The complaint of the second part of this verse is an echo of Genesis 4:13. See Ezra 9:6. Whether we take עון(iniquity) in the sense of guiltiness or punishment, it is insupportable, overwhelming.

5. Wounds—The description is that of a suppurated running sore, of offensive odour, and should here be understood literally.

6. I am troubled—Literally, I was bent, or writhed.

I am bowed down greatly—The writhing pains of his body caused him to bend together, and this was in sympathy with his dejected soul.

7. This, with Psalms 38:3, must be taken literally, as should Job 7:5, not as a figure for great suffering. The participle translated loathsome disease properly means dryness, and hence a burning heat, or inflammation, which causes exhaustion of the fluids. Perhaps the true idea is burning boils.

Loins are referred to as the seat of strength, and the word is used as an emblem of strength, and ground of reliance. The strong muscles about the kidneys and lumbar region, being also the depository of fatty substance, (see Leviticus 3:4; Leviticus 3:10; Leviticus 3:15; Job 15:27, where it is translated flanks,) are here represented as shrunken and dried up by heat.

8. Feeble—The word means torpid, cold, without vital warmth. A natural reaction from the fever-heat of Psalms 38:7.

Broken—Crushed. Here taken morally for a “broken heart,” Psalms 51:19.

Roared… disquietness— Two words used in allusion to the habits of the lion, bearing the same relation to each other as growling and roaring. The meaning is, the low moaning of his heart had caused the loud wailing of his lips. Hitherto, in pouring out the bitterness of his complaint, David speaks only of himself, especially his physical sufferings, making no allusion to his enemies. Thrice he lays down the moral cause of his sufferings, “Because of thine anger,” “Because of my sin,” “Because of my foolishness.” Vers. 3, 5

9. In a subdued tone the psalmist now proceeds to speak (9-15) of his trust in God, and of the effect which his affliction had wrought on friends and enemies.

All my desire is before thee—He had laid his cause before God for moral and judicial judgment, and rested it there.

10. My heart panteth—Palpitates violently, as in high fever-heat.

Light of mine eyes… is gone—The failing of sight by the force of sorrow and by exhaustion is complained of by Job 17:7. In this extremity David commits his cause to God only.

11. Lovers… friends… kinsmen—The enumeration covers close friends, companions; neighbours or associates; and kinsmen. These did not come near him, but stood “from before him,” “far off and round about.” See Psalms 31:11; Job 19:13-14

12. They… that seek… my life—This is David’s first allusion to his enemies.

Speak… imagine—They circulated evil reports and meditated— secretly concocted—evil designs against the government. See 2 Samuel 14:25-33; 2 Samuel 15:1-6; Psalms 41:5-9. The fact that David’s sickness was considered as a judgment of God, and an evidence that God had forsaken him, gave them boldness and their slanders plausibility.

13. I, as a deaf man, heard not—His silence arose from a deep consciousness that the judgment was of God, on account of sin, and a firm belief that it could not proceed beyond the divine purpose.

14. No reproofs—The term is judicial, as in Job 23:4, and signifies defence, justification. It is here plural: “I was as a man in whose mouth are no justifications,” no grounds or arguments of defence. Comp. Psalms 39:9. Thus when God judges, “every mouth shall be stopped.” Romans 3:19

15. Thou wilt hear—The psalmist was silent towards men, because his cause did not lie between him and them, but he appeals to God, who will “hear”—rather, answer, as the word properly means, and in this place imports a judicial answer, a vindication.

16. Lest… they should rejoice over me—This is urged as the reason for the divine interference; or, if this verse should be made to connect with Psalms 38:14, it would be the reason for David’s silence before his enemies, as in Psalms 39:1-2. The reader will understand that the sentence is elliptical, the words “hear me” and “otherwise” being supplied by the translators.

17. I am ready to halt—The idea is, literally, My fall is certain; that is, humanly speaking, nothing is left for me but inevitable ruin, or help from God.

18. Another sad recurrence to, and confession of, the moral cause of all his sufferings.

19. Mine enemies are lively… strong— “Lively” seems to be used in the sense of full of life, as opposed to David’s condition of exhaustion and infirmity. “Strong” may refer to their public influence, or to their numbers, or both.

20. Render evil for good—This, as well as wrongfully, in Psalms 38:19, defines their character, (see Psalms 35:12,) and shows that David’s sin did not lie against his subjects, beyond the moral influence of example, but against God. To his enemies he had been a faithful king and liberal patron.

Because I follow… good—This he speaks as a king towards his people. He had sought their good, and religiously he had developed the highest idea of the theocracy. The highly religious character of his government was, indeed, a secret cause of their disaffection. The two closing verses are an earnest prayer for instant help.