Bible Commentaries
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
2 Samuel 10
Introduction
| 1 | David's messengers, sent to comfort Hanun the son of Nahash, are villanously treated. |
| 6 | The Ammonites, strengthened by the Syrians, are overcome by Joab and Abishai. |
| 15 | Shobach, making a new supply of the Syrians at Helam, is slain by David. |
Verse 1
And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead.
And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead.
-
- AM 2967
- B.C. 1037. An. Ex. Is. 454. king.
- Judges 10:7-9, 11:12-28, 1 Samuel 11:1-3, 1 Chronicles 19:1-3
Verse 2
Then said David, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me. And David sent to comfort him by the hand of his servants for his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon.
Then said David, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me. And David sent to comfort him by the hand of his servants for his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon.
-
- shew kindness
- Deuteronomy 23:3-6, Nehemiah 4:3-7, 13:1-3
- Nahash
- 1 Samuel 11:1
- as his father
- 1 Samuel 22:3,4
Verse 3
And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?
And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?
-
- Thinkest thou that David doth
- Heb. In thine eyes doth David. not.
- Genesis 42:9,16, 1 Corinthians 13:5,7
Verse 4
Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.
-
- and shaved
- The beard is held in high respect and greatly valued in the East: the possessor considers it as his greatest ornament; often swears by it; and, in matters of great importance, pledges it; and nothing can be more secure than such a pledge; for its owner will redeem it at the hazard of his life. The beard was never cut off but in mourning, or as a sign of slavery. It is customary to shave the Ottoman princes, as a mark of their subjection to the reigning emperor. The beard is a mark of authority and liberty among the Mohammedans. The Persians who clip the beard, and shave above the jaw, are reputed heretics. They who serve in the seraglios have their beards shaven, as a sign of servitude; nor do they suffer them to grow till the sultan has set them at liberty. Among the Arabians, it is more infamous for anyone to appear with his beard cut off, than among us to be publicly whipped or branded; and many would prefer death to such a punishment.
- Leviticus 19:27, 1 Chronicles 19:3,4, Psalms 109:4,5, Isaiah 15:2
- cut off
- Isaiah 20:4, 47:2,3, Jeremiah 41:5
Verse 5
When they told it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the men were greatly ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.
When they told it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the men were greatly ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.
-
- Jericho
- Joshua 6:24-26, 1 Kings 16:34, 1 Chronicles 19:5
Verse 6
And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob, and the Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a thousand men, and of Ishtob twelve thousand men.
And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob, and the Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a thousand men, and of Ishtob twelve thousand men.
-
- stank
- Genesis 34:30, Exodus 5:21, 1 Samuel 13:4, 27:12, 1 Chronicles 19:6,7
- Syrians of Beth-rehob
- 8:3,5,12
- Zobah
- Proverbs 25:8, Isaiah 8:9,10
- Maacah
- Joshua 13:11-13
- Ish-tob
- or, the men of Tob.
- Judges 11:3,5
Verse 7
And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men.
And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men.
-
- all the host
- 23:8-39, 1 Chronicles 19:8-19
Verse 8
And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.
And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.
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- at the entering
- This was at the city of Medeba, a city upon the borders of the Ammonites, and in their possession.
- 1 Chronicles 19:7
- Rehob
- 6, Numbers 13:21, Joshua 19:28, Judges 1:31
Verse 9
When Joab saw that the front of the battle was against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians:
When Joab saw that the front of the battle was against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians:
-
- Joshua 8:21,22, Judges 20:42,43
Verse 11
And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will come and help thee.
And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will come and help thee.
-
- 1 Chronicles 19:9-12, Nehemiah 4:20, Luke 22:32, Romans 15:1, Galatians 6:2, Philippians 1:27,28
Verse 12
Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people, and for the cities of our God: and the LORD do that which seemeth him good.
Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people, and for the cities of our God: and the LORD do that which seemeth him good.
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- Be of good
- This is a very animating address, and equal to any thing of the kind in ancient or modern times. Ye fight pro aris et focis; for every good, sacred and civil; for God, for your families, and for your countries. Such harangues, especially in very trying circumstances, are very natural, and may perhaps be found in the records of every nation. Several instances might be quoted from Roman and Grecian history; but few are more remarkable than that of Tyrtaeus, the lame Athenian poet, to whom the command of the army was given in one of the Messenian wars. The Spartans had at that time suffered great losses, and all their stratagems proved ineffectual, so that they began to despair of success; when the poet, by his lectures on honour and courage, delivered in moving verse to the army, ravished them to such a degree with the thoughts of dying for their country, that, rushing on with a furious transport to meet their enemies, they gave them an entire overthrow, and by one decisive battle brought the war to a happy conclusion.
- Numbers 13:20, Deuteronomy 31:6, Joshua 1:6,7,9,18, 1 Samuel 14:6,12, 17:32, 2 Chronicles 32:7, Nehemiah 4:14, Hebrews 13:6
- play
- 1 Samuel 4:9, 1 Chronicles 19:13, 1 Corinthians 16:13
- the Lord
- 16:10,11, Judges 10:15, 1 Samuel 3:18, Job 1:21
Verse 13
And Joab drew nigh, and the people that were with him, unto the battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him.
And Joab drew nigh, and the people that were with him, unto the battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him.
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- they fled
- 1 Kings 20:13-21,28-30, 1 Chronicles 19:14,15, 2 Chronicles 13:5-16
Verse 15
And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, they gathered themselves together.
And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, they gathered themselves together.
-
- A. M. 2968. B.C. 1036. An. Ex. Is. 455. gathered
- Psalms 2:1, Isaiah 8:9,10, Micah 4:11,12, Zechariah 14:2,3, Revelation 19:19-21
Verse 16
And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.
And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.
-
- Hadarezer
- 8:3-8, 1 Chronicles 18:3,5
- the river
- i.e., Euphrates. Shobach. or, Shophach.
- 1 Chronicles 19:16
Verse 17
And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and passed over Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Syrians set themselves in array against David, and fought with him.
And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and passed over Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Syrians set themselves in array against David, and fought with him.
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- he gathered
- 1 Chronicles 19:17
Verse 18
And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there.
And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there.
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- fled
- 8:4, Psalms 18:38, 46:11
- horsemen
- 1 Chronicles 19:18
- footmen
- Shobach.
- Judges 4:2,22, 5:26
Verse 19
And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.
And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.
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- servants
- Genesis 14:1-5, Joshua 11:10, Judges 1:7, 1 Kings 20:1, Daniel 2:37
- feared
- 8:6, 1 Chronicles 19:19, Psalms 18:37,38, 48:4,5, Isaiah 26:11, Revelation 18:10
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