Bible Commentaries

Proverbs 20. We have still further traces in Proverbs 20:9; Proverbs 20:24 of the sceptical spirit and "the obstinate questionings of self" characteristic of the later Greek period of Jewish thought.

Proverbs 20:6 a. RV is strained and the Heb. is difficult. Read (cf. Syr. and Lat.) "Many a man is called kind."

Proverbs 20:8. winnoweth (mg.) is more literal than RV, and conveys better the idea of personal scrutiny (cf. the ideal king in Psalms 72 and Isaiah 11).

Proverbs 20:9. For the growing sense of personal sin as distinct from national responsibility and guilt cf. Job 14:4; Job 15:14; Psalms 51:5.

Proverbs 20:10 f. The LXX places Proverbs 20:10 after Proverbs 20:22; this makes it possible that "even" in Proverbs 20:11 is a continuation of Proverbs 20:9. The repetition of "pure" supports this.

Proverbs 20:12. cf. Exodus 4:11.

Proverbs 20:14. It is naught: lit. "bad, bad," the buyer's depreciation of the object he is bargaining for.

Proverbs 20:15. Probably the three forms of precious possessions mentioned are all to be taken in apposition to "lips of wisdom."

Proverbs 20:17 b. cf. Lamentations 3:16.

Proverbs 20:20. blackest darkness: lit. "the pupil (of the eye) of darkness," so in Proverbs 7:9. For the thought cf. Proverbs 30:17. The reference is probably not to the legal penalty of the early codes (Exodus 21:17).

Proverbs 20:22. cf. Proverbs 24:29. The Jewish quietist attitude of non-resistance reflected in our Lord's saying in Matthew 5:39, grew up in the Hasid movement (Psalms 4:3*) in the time of Antiochus Epiphanes.

Proverbs 20:24. cf. Jeremiah 10:23. The passage seems rather to reflect the growing sense of the antinomy between the belief in predestination and freewill.

Proverbs 20:25. Very doubtful; rashly to say and to make inquiry are both uncertain. The former may be supported from Job 6:3. The LXX probably conveys the general sense: "It is a snare for a man hastily to consecrate any of his property, for after vowing comes repentance" (cf. Deuteronomy 23:21-23, Ecclesiastes 5:4-6).

Proverbs 20:26. cf. Proverbs 20:8 and Isaiah 28:27 f., where the processes of threshing are described.

Proverbs 20:27 stands alone in the OT in its expression of the Divine element in man as conscience.