Bible Commentaries

After the distribution of the land by lot among the tribes of Israel, sixtowns were set apart, in accordance with the Mosaic instructions in Num35, as places of refuge for unintentional manslayers. Before describing theappointment and setting apart of these towns, the writer repeats in Joshua 20:1-6 the main points of the Mosaic law contained in Num 35:9-29 and Deuteronomy 19:1-13, with reference to the reception of the manslayers into thesetowns. לכם תּנוּ, “give to you,” i.e., appoint foryourselves, “cities of refuge,” etc. In Joshua 20:6, the two regulations, “until hestand before the congregation for judgment,” and “until the death of thehigh priest,” are to be understood, in accordance with the clear explanationgiven in Numbers 35:24-25, as meaning that the manslayer was to live in thetown till the congregation had pronounced judgment upon the matter, andeither given him up to the avenger of blood as a wilful murderer, or takenhim back to the city of refuge as an unintentional manslayer, in which casehe was to remain there till the death of the existing high priest. For furtherparticulars, see at Num 35.

List of the cites: Levitical cities were chosen, for the reasons explained inthe Commentary on the Pentateuch.

Joshua 20:7

In the land on this side (viz., Canaan) they sanctified the following cities. In the north, Kedesh (see at Joshua 12:22), in Galil, on the mountains of Naphtali. Galil (a circle) was a district in the northern part of the subsequent province of Galilee; it is called הגּוים גּליל, circle of the heathen, in Isaiah 9:1, because an unusually large number of heathen or Gentiles were living there. In the centre of the land, Shechem, upon the mountains of Ephraim (see at Joshua 17:7). And in the south, Kirjath-arba, i.e., Hebron, upon the mountains of Judah (see at Joshua 10:3).

Joshua 20:8-9

The cities in the land on the other side had already been appointed by Moses (Deuteronomy 4:41-43). For the sake of completeness, they are mentioned here again: viz., Bezer, Ramoth in Gilead, and Golan (see at Deuteronomy 4:43). The subject is brought to a close in Joshua 20:9. המּוּעדה ערי signifies neither urbes congregationis (Kimchi) nor urbes asyli (Gesenius), but cities of appointment, - those which received the appointment already given and repeated again in what follows.