Bible Commentaries

St. Michael and All Angels

Revelation 12:7

Tradition says that the Feast of St. Michael and all Angels was first celebrated in the fourth century; but history states that its general observance did not occur until the eighth century, when it became an annual festival. Since then the Eastern Church has observed it on8th November; the Anglican Church on29th September.

The belief in angelic creatures has been a favourite article in the universal creed, but the most unequivocal and direct evidence of their existence and ministry is to be found in the Bible. Fifteen, at least, of the inspired writers have described them.

I. Of the vast number of the holy angels there is very little doubt. The Jewish Rabbis state that "nothing exists without an attendant angel, not even a blade of grass". The great Aquinas asserts that "there are more angels than all substances together, celestial and terrestrial, animate and inanimate". St Gregory calculates that "there are so many angels as there are elect". Charles Kingsley maintains that "in every breeze there are living spirits, and God's angels guide the thunder-clouds". But what saith the Scripture? On its pages their number is variously stated. As Jacob was on his way back to his native land "the angels of God met him". In his last benediction Moses speaks of "ten thousand". When Elisha prayed that his servant's eyes might be opened, he saw, and behold the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about". In his vision of the Ancient of Days, Daniel beheld "thousand thousands ministering unto Him, and ten thousand times ten thousand standing before Him". St. John did but echo this language in one of his gorgeous descriptions of Heaven when he described the angels as a vast assembly "which no man could number". At the advent of Jesus there appeared "a multitude of the heavenly host," and one dark eventide, near Gethsemane, He declared to Peter that if He prayed to His Father He would give Him "more than twelve legions of angels".

II. But all the angels are not of the same rank. Michael, for example, is represented in Scripture as being the next in rank to the Angel-Jehovah. In the Book of Daniel he is spoken of as "one of the chief princes" in the celestial hierarchy, and in the Book of St. John as "the archangel".

III. A word may now be added about the ministry of angels. They were ever the servants of Jesus during His incarnate life, as they are now in His glorified life; and sometimes God has employed them to punish the wicked. The Collect for this Festival speaks of the succour and defence which they may render to us, and it is well to remember that they are God's ministers, and "do His pleasure". "Babes," says Manton, "have their guardian angels"; and Bengel asserts that "the angels take care of the little ones; and so much the more the less they are able to protect themselves"; while Keble ascribes the "first soft smile" of sleeping infancy to their presence, and, in his own poetic and beautiful manner, represents their smile as "a gleam from heaven's deep sea of love". And a Greater than these has said that the angels of the little ones do always behold the Face of their Father in Heaven.

It may be true that holy angels render service to unholy men; but, according to the Bible, they are specially "sent forth to do service for the sake of them that shall inherit salvation". Nor do they forget the body which enshrined the soul. They guard its sleeping-place, as they did the sepulchre of Jesus, until the early dawn of the resurrection, when they will give up their trust.

References.—XII:7.—R. E. Hutton, The Crown of Christ, p281. H. S. Holland, Christian World Pulpit, vol. xlviii. p209. XII:8.—W. H. Barlow, Christian World Pulpit, vol. xlix. p372.

Revelation 12:10

The character in which he [Blake] abhors and renounces Satan is that of "the accuser of sins". The monarch of hell might be the antagonist of many things accounted sacred, and might exercise wild volcanic forces in many inconvenient directions, and yet incur small blame from Blake; but it is a different matter when the same personage accuses others of sins.... There lies the fatal flaw in Satan. "Every religion that preaches vengeance for sin is the religion of the enemy and avenger, and not of the forgiver of sin; and their God is Satan named by the Divine name."

—W. M. Rossetti, upon Blake.

References.—XII:10.—Expositor (4th Series), vol. v. p291; ibid. (6th Series), vol. viii. p327.

Revelation 12:11

Bishop Daniel Wilson preached from this text at St Bride's Church in1846 , on behalf of the Church

Missionary Society. He only paid one visit to England during his quarter of a century's episcopate in India and his sermon was the chief event of his furlough. His heads were (1) the mighty foe, (2) the means of resisting him, (3) the issue of the conflict. At the close he used this expression: "Then may we humbly hope that being washed, covered, plunged, hidden in the blood of the Lamb, we shall pass as one of our commentators [Dr. Gill] sublimely speaks, "under the purple covering triumphantly to glory"."

References.—XII:11.—Spurgeon, vol. xxi. No1237; vol. xxxiv. No2043. XII:12.—Spurgeon, Sermons, vol. xxv. No1502.

Revelation 12:16

I like to see the earth helping the woman. I do not plead very earnestly for any particular church, but I would have a well-formed machinery fixed in every country—ducts of irrigation—through which the predominant religion, whatever it Revelation 12:17

In his Holy War, Bunyan describes the various Captains of the Devil's army against Mansoul, one of whom is "Captain Pope; his standard-bearer bare the red colours, and his scutcheon was the stake, the flame, and the good man in it".