Bible Commentaries

The First Chapter of Genesis

Job 38:4

The real object of the narrative in Genesis is not to teach scientific truth, but to teach religious truth.

I. One object of the narrative will be evident at once: it is to show, in opposition to the crude conceptions current in many parts of the ancient world, that the world is not self-originated; that it was called into existence, and brought gradually into its present state, at the will of a Spiritual Being, prior to it, independent of it, deliberately planning each stage of its development. The fact of a Creator is the fundamental teaching of the cosmogony of Genesis.

II. The first chapter of Genesis is not meant to teach authoritatively the actual past history of the earth. Its object is to afford a view true in conception, if not in detail, of the origin of the earth as we know it, and to embody this not in an abstract or confused form which may soon be forgotten, but in a series of representative pictures which may impress themselves upon the imagination, and in each one of which the truth is insisted on, that the stage which it represents is no product of chance, or of mere mechanical forces, but that it is an act of the Divine will.

III. A third point on which the record insists is the distinctive pre-eminence belonging to man. "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness." What, then, do we suppose to be meant when it is said that man was made in the "image of God"? It is meant that he has been endowed with that highest and noblest of gifts, the gift of self-conscious reason.

IV. The cosmogony of Genesis teaches the absolute supremacy of the Creator in His work of Creation: it exhibits to us, in a series of representative pictures, how every stage of His work was dependent upon His will and realized His purpose: it emphasizes the distinctive pre-eminence belonging to man.

—S. R. Driver, Sermons, p163.

Job 38:4

Was man with his experience present at the creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any scientific individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the universe, and gauged everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that they read His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say, This stands marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise! These scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are; have seen some handbreadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is infinite, without bottom as without shore.

—Carlyle, Sartor Resartus (book III. chap. VIII.).

References.—XXXVIII:4.—A. Ainger, The Gospel and Human Life, p108. G. Brooks, Outlines of Sermons, p288.

Job 38:7

Every time that analysis strips from nature the gilding that we prized, she is forging thereout a new picture more glorious than before, to be suddenly revealed by the advent of a new sense whereby we see it—a new creation, at sight of which the sons of God shall have cause to shout for joy.

—Prof. W. K. Clifford.

"Neither say," Carlyle writes in the Sartor Resartus, chap. VII, "that thou hast now no Symbol of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is not Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a perpetual Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old, hear the Morning-stars sing together."

Does there not exist a perfected sense of Hearing—as of the morning-stars singing together—an understanding of the words that are spoken all through the universe, the hidden meaning of all things, the Word which is creation itself—a profound and far pervading sense, of which our ordinary sense of sound is only the first novitiate and initiation.

—Edward Carpenter, Civilization—Its Cause and Cure, p98.

The office of the artist should be looked upon as a priest's service in the temple of Nature, where ampler graces are revealed to those that have eyes to see, just as ever gentler chords announce the fuller life to those that have ears to hear, while declared Law opens up wide regions unordered and anarchic, where selfish greed has yet to be tutored into wise rule. In the circle of the initiated, responsive beings recognize the elimination of immature design in creation to be a triumph of patient endeavour, and they join in the chorus of those who "sang together for joy" on the attainment of the ideal of Heaven's Artist, who in overflowing bounty endowed the colourless world with prismatic radiance, prophesying of Titians yet to be, who should go forth to charm away scales from the eyes of the blind.—W. Holman Hunt in the preface to his Pre-Raphaelitism.

"Werther," Carlyle writes in his essay on Goethe's works, "we called the voice of the world's despair: passionate, uncontrollable is this voice; not yet melodious and supreme,—as nevertheless we at length hear it in the wild apocalyptic Faust: like a death-song of departing worlds; no voice of joyful "moraine-stars singing together" over a creation; but of red nigh-extinguished midnight stars, in spheral swan-melody, proclaiming, It is ended."

The great advantage of this mean life is thereby to stand in a capacity of a better; for the colonies of heaven must be drawn from earth, and the sons of the first Adam are only heirs to the second. Thus Adam came into this world with the power also of another; not only to replenish the earth but the everlasting mansions of heaven. Where we were when the foundations of the earth were laid, when the morning-stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy. He must answer who asked it.—Sir Thomas Browne.

Job 38:11

You have indeed winged ministers of vengeance, who cany your bolts to the remotest verge of the sea. But there a power steps in, that limits the arrogance of raging passions and furious elements, and says, "So far shalt thou go and no further*. Who are you, that should fret and rage, and bite the chains of nature?—Burke, Speech on Conciliation with America.

The unavoidable aim of all corporate bodies of learning is not to grow wise, or teach others Job 38:28

Two passages of God's speaking, one in the Old and one in the New Testament, possess, it seems to me, a different character from any of the rest, having been uttered, the one to effect the last necessary change in the mind of a man whose piety was in other respects perfect; and the other, as the first statement to all men of the principles of Christianity by Christ Himself—I mean the38th to41chapters of the book of Job 38:31

So far as the Jewish prophets made use of such astronomy as they had, they used it altogether in the sense in which the modern agnostics use their heliocentric astronomy—to impress upon man his utter insignificance in creation.... When the author of the book of Job , in urging what another prophet calls "the Lord's controversy," wants to convince Job of his nothingness, what is his most impressive illustration?—"Canst thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades"—[or, as the Revised Version puts it, "Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades?"]—"or loose the bands of Orion? Canst thou lead forth the signs of the Zodiac in their season, or canst thou guide the Bear with her train? Knowest thou the ordinances of the heavens? Canst thou establish the dominion thereof in the earth?"—language surely, if ever language could be used, which suggests that to control the heavenly bodies implies a force of far mightier scope and magnitude than any which is needed only for our little planet.

—R. H. Hutton, Contemporary Thought and Thinkers, vol. I. p291.

Reference.—XXXVIII:31.—Spurgeon, Sermons, vol. xiv. No818.