Bible Commentaries

Crucified Through Weakness

2 Corinthians 13:4

Though He was crucified, yet He liveth, that is the whole sum and substance of the Bible. But this verse tells us much more; that He was crucified through weakness, that He liveth through power.

I. But how, crucified through weakness? Firstly, I know very well, it means that He submitted to become weak by taking our mortal nature, that He might be able to die for our sakes; that no man could have taken away His life, had He not laid it down of Himself; that He who said, "The earth is weak, and all the inhabiters thereof; I bear up the pillars of it," condescended to faint under the weight of the cross and to be helped by Simon of Cyrene. But it means a great deal more than this; else it could not join on to the latter part of the verse. "Crucified through weakness" means, after a course, after a life, of weakness; and so indeed it was. And I know not but that these confessions of human weakness, so patiently borne, so openly confessed, do not above everything else show us the meaning of that saying of St. Paul, "He emptied Himself. Think—when His disciples went away into the city to buy food, He remained by the well; acknowledging thereby that He was not able, to speak after the manner of men, to do that which they could do. Think again—when they took Him, even as He was, in the ship, they were toiling in rowing, but 2 Corinthians 13:9

There is probably no subject Christian teachers touch so reluctantly as that of Christian Perfection. This is due partly to the difficulties of definition, and partly to the fact that it lays one open to misunderstanding. The Scriptures command perfection, promise perfection, and give examples of perfection. God does not mock us with impossible commands. There is an imperfect perfection. All perfection is relative except the perfection of God. Christian perfection does not indicate finality but fitness.

I. The meaning of perfection. To make perfect means to make fit, to put in order, adjust, adapt, arrange, and equip, so as to secure effectiveness and efficiency for the result to be achieved. The meaning is the same when applied to Christian life and experience. It is the adjustment, cleansing, and equipment of man's nature for all the purposes of the life in Christ. It is nothing more than making man fit in every part to do the will of God.

II. All the elements of Christian character are set forth in the Scriptures as capable of perfection. The elements that make up Christian character are Faith, Hope, Love; and each of these may be perfect. (1) Faith. "Night and day praying exceedingly that we may see your face, and may perfect that which is lacking in your faith" ( 1 Thessalonians 3:10). (2) Hope. "Be sober and set your hope perfectly on the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ" ( 1 Peter 1:13). (3) Love. "Above all things put on love, which is the bond of perfectness" ( Colossians 3:14).

III. Christian perfection experienced in the heart is manifest in the life. "By their fruits ye shall know them." (1) The first-fruit of the threefold perfection of faith, hope, and love, is patience. (a) The Christian made perfect in faith, hope, and love will be perfect in his patience with God. (6) To many, patience with people is more difficult than patience with God. There is nothing can make us patient with trying people except faith in them, hope for them, and love of them. (2) Perfect obedience to the will of God. (3) A perfect tongue. (4) Perfect peace.

IV. "If thou wouldst be perfect?" For such a life who among the redeemed has not sighed and prayed? How then may we attain unto a life so glorious? It is the work and gift of God, and can only become ours by consecration, cleansing, and indwelling.

—S. Chadwick, Humanity and God, p249.

References.—XIII:11.—Expositor (5th Series), vol. v. p38; ibid. (6th Series), vol. viii. p379.

Valediction and Benediction

2 Corinthians 13:14

The repetition of the text is the best sermon. "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all" What then? Then there will be no real separation. The true union is mystical, spiritual, Divine. We come to learn this by attending a costly and distressing school; we come to know this by experience. Disappearance does not violate union; not being able to see does not utterly impoverish the soul; there is an inward sight, there is a spiritual vision, there is a wondrous power of sympathy which can realise or put into body-forms all that is most sacred and healthful in human evolution.

I. What a wondrous argument is this benediction! It is a large theology; there is in this benediction a Trinity, a relation of persons, distinct and operative personalities, each member of the Trinity having something to do with the human soul. You cannot build your rhetoric without the Trinity; the poor sweltering rhetorician must have his three members in order to complete what he calls a climax—which nobody wants to hear. You cannot anywhere fail to see the threefold action, the threefold mystery of being, cooperation, and of development. Whatever may be the metaphysics of the Trinity, I know not, I cannot enter into that ineffable mystery; but I see a ladder rising from earth to heaven, and I see the angels of God descending and ascending, ascending and descending, holding continual and vital commerce with the uttermost parts of the great heaven. So it is with this Trinity; I meet it everywhere.

With what a wondrous instinct is the right word chosen by this speaker of the benediction! No poet can amend the phrase. "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ"—the favour, the pity, the daily care, the incessant solicitousness and love. "The grace," a word fit for the Cross, a word that is as the jewel syllable in the great literature crowded into the one pregnant word Atonement.

II. How, then, does the benediction proceed? "And the communion of the Holy Ghost." What fit words; what expert writing! If it were only a matter of the choice of words here is an instance of the finest bringing-together of the most exquisite terms; in a sense, the only terms that could fit the occasion. The Holy Spirit communes with the heart, speaks to it without words, hovers over it, breathes upon it, turns over the leaves when we read the words of Christ and annotates them with light. The Holy Ghost is the Spirit of companionship, filling all space, yet occupying no room; a contradiction in words, a verity and a music in experience. You cannot bless unless you have been blessed. Hypocrisy cannot pronounce a benediction; the words can be pronounced, but not the benediction itself in its innermost music and holy meaning. Only sincerity can produce the true music of the true heart.

III. "I will not leave you comfortless." "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all." I will change the text in one word. I have never throughout my long ministry been able to pronounce this benediction exactly as it is written. The change which I make 2 Corinthians 13:14

What do men know of God? The Christian teaching about God is all that we, with our present very small powers, can know about that infinite and unseen Being, whose existence we infer, and Whom we call God, comes to us in one of three ways.

I. Nature, the existing world of things and men that we see. Every year teaches us more about Nature, and, therefore, more about God. If there is a veil that hides God in Nature from us, it is in our eyes, over our minds, and not in Nature.

II. But we learn about God in a second way. There is that marvellous figure in world-history, Jesus Christ. Christ reveals God to us. Just as Nature compels the recognition of a Cause behind it, and we name the Cause God, so Christ compels us to think how He came to be.

III. And there is the third Revelation , nearer still to each of us, appealing not to our reason, not to our knowledge of Christ, which is limited to those who have learned about Him, but a voice speaking in the heart to every child of man. There is the survival of the brute in us all. It is awful. But there is also the light that shines amid it all—the light of God Himself in the human conscience.

—J. M. Wilson, Church Family Newspaper, vol. XIV. p428.

References.—XIII:4.—A. Whyte, Christian World Pulpit, vol1. p844. F. D. Maurice, Sermons, vol. iv. p147. C. D. Bell, The Power of God, p263. J. T. Stannard, The Divine Humanity, p165. S. P. Carey, Christian World Pulpit, vol. lvii. p262. J. Stuart Holden, The Pre-eminent Lord, p233; ibid. (6th Series), vol. viii. p372. XIII:14 , 15.—F. D. Maurice, Sermons, vol. iii. p223. XIII:15.—Expositor (5th Series), vol. vi. p289. XIV:2.—Ibid. vol. vii. p149. XV:6.—Ibid. (6th Series), vol. vi. p243. XV:27.—Ibid. vol. x. p192. XVI. Expositor (4th Series), vol. vii. p75. XVI:1-16.—Spurgeon, Sermons, vol. xix. No1113.